This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.

Year Country of site Site Vendor / builder Computer Performance[a] Ref.
1938 Germany Personal research and development
Berlin, Germany		 Konrad Zuse Z1 1 IPS [1]
1940 Z2 1.25 IPS [2]
1941 Z3 20 IPS [3]
1944  United Kingdom Bletchley Park Tommy Flowers and his team,
Post Office Research Station		 Colossus 5 kIPS [4]
1945 United States University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ENIAC 5 kIPS [5]
1951 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory Whirlwind I 20 kIPS [6]
1958 McGuire Air Force Base IBM AN/FSQ-7 75 kIPS [7]
1960 United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 7090 229 kIPS [8]
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Remington Rand's UNIVAC LARC 250 kIPS [9]
1961 United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory IBM 7030 Stretch 1.2 MIPS [10]
1962  United Kingdom University of Manchester University of Manchester,
Ferranti International, and Plessey Co.		 Atlas 1 MFLOPS [11]
1964  United States Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos CDC 6600 3 MFLOPS [12]
1969 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7600 36 MFLOPS [13]
1974 STAR-100 100 MFLOPS [14]
1976 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Cray Cray-1 160 MFLOPS [15]
1980  United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell CDC Cyber 205 400 MFLOPS [16]
1983  United States National Security Agency Cray X-MP/4 713 MFLOPS* [17]
1985  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Cray Cray-2 1.41 GFLOPS* [18]
1988 NASA Ames Research Center Y-MP/832 2.14 GFLOPS* [17]
1990  Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Fujitsu VP2600/10 4 GFLOPS* [19]
1992  Canada Atmospheric Environment Service NEC SX-3/44 20 GFLOPS* [20]
1993  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 59.7 GFLOPS* [21]
 Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 124.2 GFLOPS* [22]
1994  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel Paragon XP/S 140 143.4 GFLOPS* [23]
 Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 170 GFLOPS* [22]
1996 University of Tokyo Hitachi SR2201 232.4 GFLOPS* [24]
University of Tsukuba CP-PACS 368.2 GFLOPS* [25]
1997  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel ASCI Red 1.06 TFLOPS* [26]
2000 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM ASCI White 4.93 TFLOPS* [27]
2001 7.2 TFLOPS*
2002  Japan JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center NEC Earth Simulator 35.86 TFLOPS* [28]
2004  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Blue Gene/L 70.72 TFLOPS* [29]
2005 136.8 TFLOPS*
280.6 TFLOPS*
2007 478.2 TFLOPS*
2008  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory IBM Roadrunner 1.02 PFLOPS* [30]
1.1 PFLOPS*
2009 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Jaguar 1.75 PFLOPS* [31]
2010  China National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-1A 2.57 PFLOPS* [32]
2011  Japan RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science Fujitsu K computer 10.51 PFLOPS* [33]
2012  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q) 16.32 PFLOPS* [34]
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Titan 17.59 PFLOPS* [35]
2013  China National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-2 33.86 PFLOPS* [36]
2016 National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi NRCPC Sunway TaihuLight 93.01 PFLOPS* [37]
2018  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory IBM Summit 122.3 PFLOPS* [38]
2019 148.6 PFLOPS* [39]
2020  Japan RIKEN Center for Computational Science Fujitsu Fugaku 415.53 PFLOPS* [40]
442.01 PFLOPS*
2022  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory HPE Cray Frontier 1.102 EFLOPS* [41]
2023 1.194 EFLOPS*
2024 1.206 EFLOPS*
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory El Capitan 1.742 EFLOPS* [42]
2025 1.809 EFLOPS*
2026  China National Supercomputing Centre, Shenzhen Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center LineShine 2.198 EFLOPS* [43]

a. ^ Performance figures for computers prior to 1983 represent nominal operation rates or peak instruction throughput.
An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest sustained performance measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  2. ↑ "Z2". horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  3. ↑ Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206.
  4. ↑ "The Colossus Machine". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  5. ↑ Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  6. ↑ Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and discussions presented at the Dec. 10-12, 1951, joint AIEE-IRE computer conference: Review of electronic digital computers on - AIEE-IRE '51. ACM. pp. 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  7. ↑ "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  8. ↑ "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  9. ↑ "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  10. ↑ Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC 772461594.
  11. ↑ Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC 156380308.
  12. ↑ Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  13. ↑ Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  14. ↑ LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978
  15. ↑ "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  16. ↑ "PDS: The Performance Database Server (Linpack)". performance.netlib.org. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  17. 1 2 "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  18. ↑ "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  19. ↑ "VP2600/10". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  20. ↑ "AES Installs Worlds Fastest Supercomputer". Very Computer. 1991-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  21. ↑ "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  22. 1 2 "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  23. ↑ "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  24. ↑ "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  25. ↑ "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  26. ↑ "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  27. ↑ "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  28. ↑ "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  29. ↑ "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  30. ↑ "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  31. ↑ "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  32. ↑ "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  33. ↑ "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  34. ↑ "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  35. ↑ "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  36. ↑ "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  37. ↑ "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  38. ↑ "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  39. ↑ "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  40. ↑ "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  41. ↑ "Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  42. ↑ "El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  43. ↑ "LineShine Debuts at No. 1 as the TOP500 Enters a New Global Exascale Era". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2026-06-24.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fastest_computers