Lallula (English: Lalul, c. 1730 - c. 1805) was a Sailo chief who migrated from the Chin Hills in modern day Myanmar into the Lushai Hills of current day Mizoram. He resided in the settlement of Selesih which functioned as a confederation of chiefs to guard against Poi aggression. He would go on to found Zopui and expand Sailo rule in the Lushai Hills. Lallula would be known for his descendants who would culminate in Sailo's domination of the Lushai Hills.

Chieftainship

Lallula wanted to grow his settlement of Zopui. After the village of Siakeng were raided by the Pawi, a party of Ralte arrived in Zopui and suggested to Lallula that they may join his settlement along with the families left behind.[1] In 1754, he approached the village of Siakeng under Chief Mangngula, known as a brave Pasalṭha. Lallula offered Mangngula a chance to surrender and let his people come to Zopui. Upon refusal, Lallula fought with Mangngula. He overpowered Siakeng and ordered Mangngula to be alive. All individuals of Siakeng who refused to go to Zopui would be killed. However, as Mangngula was a Pasalṭha, he refused to surrender and died in battle instead of becoming a bawi. Lallula took the inhabitants captive and confiscated their property back to Zopui.[2] The Khawlrings who used to reside in Vangchhia began a dispute with the Halkha village under the Pawi. As a result, Halkha sent Chief Maung Myata with 200 men armed with guns. As the Khawlrings did not have guns, they fled to the Lusei communities, such as Zopui under Lallula arounc 1756.[3][2] Zopui became the biggest settlement since Selesih had been dissolved.[4]

Thalnrawn Massacre

Lallula left the settlement of Selesih and established himself in a village he founded named Zopui. Lallula would raid neighbouring villages and chiefs and bring back captives to expand Zopui as a settlement. For this reason Lallula propelled the growth of Zopui. By 1760 Zopui was considered a large populated village. This became a cultural feature via Chai songs describing size and power of Lallula ruling Zopui.[5]

East of the river Tiau resided a tribe known as the Thlanrawn. The Thlanrawn tribes were known for long hair tied in a knot at the top of their heads. They would regularly demand tribute and collect taxes from Zopui and other neighbouring settlements. If tributes were refused or not adequate, then the Thlanrawns would intimidate the villagers by slashing and killing the villagers with knives and swords.[5] Abrave warrior in Lallula's village known as Kawlkawlha suggested to Lallula to put an end to this.[6] Lallula was determined to end the Thlangrawns maltreatment of the Luseis. Lallula called a meeting and formed a plan to massacre the Thlanrawns. Lallula invited the Thlanrawn chief Thanchhuma to take elephant tusks, gongs, brass and other things to give him. He also invited Thanchhuma's upas and champion. One of the upas was Phunthanga who held a cruel reputation.[7] Another was a pasaltha known as Thanghlianga.[6]

The dawn of their arrival the villagers pretended to carry ivory by using the cores and husks of bana trees on their heads to carry. Animals and livestock such as mithun were killed and a feast was prepared for Thanchhuma. Thanchhuma and his delegates were fed zu to the point of intoxication under the guise of hospitality. At midnight the plan was carried out by Lallula and the Zopui inhabitants and Pasalṭha. Lallula beat a gong which was the signal to ambush Thanchhuma and his delegates.[8] The rifles of the Thlawnrawn were filled with water.[6] The intoxicated inebriated guests were killed with the swords and weapons of the Luseis. However in the panic and struggle a few managed to escape.[7] Kawlkawlha approached Thanglianga and threatened to kill him. Thanghlianga, who wasn't drunk, got up to fight, but his rifle was filled with water and unable to be shot. Kawlkawlha arrested Thanghlianga. However, he managed to slip his chain off and escape with a few others.[9] Thanchhuma and Phunthanga were made captive and ridiculed and roughly treated. Lallula composed a victory hla of his victory to immortalize the event. However the event was motivation for Lallula to migrate west as the Thlanrawn were scheming to take revenge.[8]

Later developments

Rorehlova who remained with Lallula throughout his chieftainship was made to separate. Lallula placed Rorehlova to the east of Zopui as a buffer against the Pawis, as Rorehlova was a Fanai. Their last meeting saw them profess that they will meet in mitthi khua (land of the dead). Lallula informed Rorehlova that if his village was seen burning it would indicate that the Pawis would be targeting Lallula. However this never occurred and Lallula's settlements were safe.[10]

Lallula travelled further west and reached Diakhai near Sialsuk. His youngest son Vuttaia was born around circa 1776 during the stay. During a scout for a new village land to establish the scouts were bitten by a tiger. From Diakhai Lallula moved to Samlukhai. Lallula's son Lalpuilena died in Bawkthlanga. Lalpuilena's son, Lalsavunga' had married a woman but Lallula demanded they separate which was obliged.[11]

In c. 1784, Lallula's cousin Laltuaka was chief of Sabualah, hosting 500 houses. Lallula was planning to migrate across the Parvatui mountains to the west, but Laltuaka disagreed. Laltuaka offered that other chiefs were here with him. Lallula initially refused as Laltuaka's village was not big and strong. However Laltuaka offered to divide up the settlement to the chiefs and their peoples and stand together against the Pawi aggression. Lallula agreed to the premise and joined Laltuaka. During his stay in Sabuala, Lallula's daughter Ridawpi died in her settlement of Serchhip.[12]

The settlement grew with 10 chiefs in command. The chiefs belonged to either Laltuaka's family, Rolura's family or Lallula's family. They are as follows:[12]

  1. Laltuaka, Chief of Bawlte
  2. Lalchungnunga, son of Laltuaka, Chief of Rallen
  3. Chawngchhunga, son of Laltuaka, Chief of Bawngthah
  4. Savunga, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Dengsur (Hmaker)
  5. Rungnawia, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Kawlhawk
  6. Hmawngphunga, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Chhipphi
  7. Tlutpawrha, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Chemtum
  8. Lallianvunga, son of Lallula, Chief of Sawnngek
  9. Lalsavunga, grandson of Lallula, Chief of Zawngtah

With many chiefs in the settlement, Lallula proposed a raid on the pawi in c. 1792. However, Laltuaka refused, and the raid was unsuccessful. As a result, Laltuaka was labelled a fool by the other chiefs. Despite being unsuccessful, Lallula remained a famous chief. Lallula migrated back up north and resided in Darlung. He composed songs with one known as Darlung zai and gained a reputation as a musician and poet.[13] After Darlung, Lallula established himself at Kanghmun to fight the Zadeng chiefs. Lallula's rule was expanded as the number of Zadeng chiefs decreased. Lallula proceeded to Hreichuk. His son Lalmanga was separated from him as he consolidated his rule in the western Lushai hills.[14]

Biography

Early Life

Lallula was born in the settlement of Selesih to Rohnaa, who was the grandson of Sailova. He had an adopted brother known as Rorehlova. As a young boy, Lallula took the initiative to arrange for the men from the zawlbuk to organize and respond to a village fire. He proved his leadership by getting the men to extinguish the fire. Pu Kawlha, the most influential chief in Selesih, recognised Lallula's leadership skills to organize the zawlbuk better than himself.[15]

Eventually Lallula moved to Dungtlang with his father Rohnaa. After Rohnaa's death, Lallula would migrate and establish Zopui as a chief in his own right.[16]

Marriage and Family

Lallula would become the progenitor of the modern Sailo chiefs. His son Lalmanga (Mungpira) would establish himself as chief of the Western Lushai Hills, which his grandson Sukpilal would inherit. Lalpuilena and Vuta and their descendants would become the Eastern Lushai chiefs.[17][18] The spreading of Sailo chiefs would standardize the Lusei dialect of Duhlien throughout the Lushai Hills and minor tribes.

Lallulla also had a daughter named Ridawpi, who was married to Lianzatluta, the son of Rolura.[11]

Death

In old age, Lallula was given tributes from Zopuia and the Thlanrawn villages consisting of pigs and zu. Lallula died in 1807 followed by his wife in 1808. A large stone monument was erected for Lallula. The village was named Lungphunkhua after the memorial stone. He is considered the father of the Sailos.[14] Lallula Zai is the term applied to all the songs and folk tales composed by Lallula.[19]

Geneology

Early Lushai Chiefs Family Tree
Zahmuaka
ZadengRivungaThanguraPallianaRokhumaThangluaha
ThangmangaChawnglula
ChenkhualaSailova
ChungnungaLianlula
LalhlumeRonaLalcheraPu KawlhaDarliankualaDarpuiliana
LaltuakaLallulaRoluraSavunga
LalpuilianaLallianvungaMungpiraVutaLalnguraLalzikaLalbuta
VonolelSukpilal

References

  1. ^ Zokima 1993, p. 40.
  2. ^ a b Lalthangliana 1989, p. 6.
  3. ^ Zokima 1993, p. 42.
  4. ^ Lalthangliana 1989, p. 7.
  5. ^ a b Lalthangliana 2006, p. 9.
  6. ^ a b c Zokima 1993, p. 45.
  7. ^ a b Lalthangliana 2006, p. 10.
  8. ^ a b Lalthangliana 2006, p. 11.
  9. ^ Zokima 1993, p. 46.
  10. ^ Lalthangliana 1989, p. 20.
  11. ^ a b Lalthangliana 1989, p. 21.
  12. ^ a b Lalthangliana 1989, p. 22.
  13. ^ Lalthangliana 1989, p. 23.
  14. ^ a b Lalthangliana 1989, p. 25.
  15. ^ Lalthangliana 1989, p. 4.
  16. ^ Zokima 1993, p. 39.
  17. ^ Chatterjee 1995.
  18. ^ Chatterjee 2009, p. 223.
  19. ^ Khiangte 2006, p. 126.

Sources

  • Chatterjee, Suhas (1995). Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN 81-85880-72-7.
  • Chatterjee, Suhas (2009). Frontier Officers in Colonial Northeast India. New Delhi: Akansha Publishing. ISBN 978-81-8370-168-6.
  • Khiangte, laltluangliana (2006). "The Discourse in Oral Society of the Mizos". In Muthukumaraswamy, M.D. (ed.). Folklore as discourse. Chennai: National Folklore Support Centre. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lallula
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