In gridiron football, the uprights or goal posts are sets of metal poles placed at both ends of the field for kicking field goals through.
History
In 1976, the NFL added pennants measuring 2" x 36" atop the uprights to aid kickers in judging wind speed and direction; the size was later expanded to 4" x 42".[1]
References
- ^ Gonsalves, p. 31
Reliable and accessible
- https://www.8newsnow.com/sports/the-big-game/why-the-nfl-goal-posts-arent-where-they-used-to-be/amp/
- https://www.si.com/nfl/2017/06/21/history-nfl-goal-posts
- https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2014/07/18/uprights-5-feet-field-goals-crossbar-bill-belichick-patriots-justin-tucker-rule-ravens/12851531/
- https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/sports/football/nfl-scrambles-to-install-taller-uprights-after-rule-change.html
- https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/how-the-football-field-was-designed-from-hash-marks-to-goal-posts-48192086/
- https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2014/01/31/superbowl-field-goal-posts-sportsfield-specialties/5084911/
Reliable but not fully accessible
- https://www.google.com/books/edition/Placekicking_in_the_NFL/tfSmAgAAQBAJ?hl=en (Chapter 3: The Goal Posts — p. 25–32)
- https://www.latimes.com/sports/nfl/la-sp-nfl-ask-farmer-20181222-story.html
- https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/2209319/2020/11/20/tearing-down-goal-posts/