Abja-Paluoja is a town in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, in southern Estonia. Abja-Paluoja got the town status and became a separate urban municipality in 1993.

First documented records of the Abja manor and village date from 1457 (Abbalis et Meitzekull).

From 1897 to 1973, the railway line passed through Abja-Paluoja, and there was a railway station in the town.

In 1913, a flax factory was established near Abja-Paluoja because flax cultivation had developed in the area.

The Abja Gymnasium (secondary school) was opened in 1940.

Abja-Paluoja was the centre of Abja raion from 1950 to 1962. Abja-Paluoja gained town rights and became a separate urban municipality in 1993. In 1998, it was merged into surrounding rural municipality (Abja Parish) and was its administrative centre until 2017.

• Karl August Hindrey (1875–1947), writer, journalist, and cartoonist
• Aino Jõgi (1922–2013), linguist and translator
• Kaimo Kuusk (born 1975), diplomat and foreign intelligence officer^[2]
• Mati Laur (born 1955), historian
• Tarmo Pihlap (1952–1999), singer and guitarist
• Riho Västrik (born 1965), filmmaker, producer, screenwriter, journalist, and historian^[3]

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  Park in central Abja-Paluoja
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  Abja Museum in the historic bank and post office building
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  Former railway station (now the building is used by a Pentecostal congregation)
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  Fire depot
• 
  Bus station
• 
  Sports and Health Centre

• Abja Gymnasium (in Estonian)