1275 by topic
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Establishments – Disestablishments
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1275 in poetry
Mosaic of Marco Polo (c. 1254–1324)
Travels of Marco Polo (1271–1295)

Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Battle of Neopatras: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos assembles a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 30,000 men), mostly mercenaries from Bulgaria, Serbia and the Sultanate of Rum. He places these forces under his own brother, John Palaiologos, and General Alexios Kaballarios. Michael sends them against Thessaly, and is supported by the Byzantine navy led by Admiral Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos, who is ordered to attack the Latin principalities and prevent them from aiding John I ("Angelos"), ruler of Thessaly. John is caught by surprise by the rapid advance of the Byzantine forces and is bottled up with a garrison in his capital of Neopatras, which the Byzantines proceed to lay siege. John manages to escape: he climbs down the walls of the fortress with a rope and walks through the Byzantine lines. After 3 days, John reaches Thebes, where he requests the aid of John I de la Roche, duke of Athens. He receives some 500 horsemen with whom he returns to Neopatras. Meanwhile, the Byzantine forces have been weakened, with several detachments sent off to capture other forts or plunder the region. The Byzantines panic under the sudden attack of a smaller but disciplined Latin force and breaks completely when a Cuman contingent switches sides. Despite John's attempt to rally his forces, they flee and scatter.[1]
  • Battle of Demetrias: Michael VIII Palaiologos sends a Byzantine fleet led by Alexios Philanthropenos to harass the Latin coasts. A joint Latin fleet composed of Lombard and Venetian vessels from Negroponte (Euboea) and Venetian-held Crete, is variously given at 30 to 60 ships. The Latin fleet under Admiral Guglielmo II da Verona takes the Byzantines by surprise and their attack is so effective that they almost win. Their ships, on which high wooden towers have been erected, have the advantage, and many Byzantine seamen and soldiers are killed or drowned. Just as victory seem sure, Greek reinforcements arrive, led by John I. His arrival boosts the Byzantines' morale, and John's men, ferried on board the ships by small boats, begin to replenish their casualties and turn the tide. The Latin casualties are heavy, which also include Guglielmo. By nightfall, all but two Latin ships have been captured.[2]

Europe

British Isles

Africa

  • Marinid forces take the city of Algiers, at this time independent.[8]

Asia

By topic

Art and Science

Markets

Technology

Religion

Births

Deaths

References

  1. ^ Fine, John Van Antwerp (1987). The Late medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, p. 188. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
  2. ^ Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 284. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC 1011763434.
  3. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the battle for the Strait, p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  4. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the battle for the Strait, pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  5. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the battle for the Strait, p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  6. ^ "Notes on Individual Earthquakes". British Geological Survey. Archived from the original on November 19, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
  7. ^ Musson, Roger (July 9, 2015). "What Was the Largest British Earthquake?" (PDF). SECED Conference 2015: 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
  8. ^ Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœr du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 158. ISBN 978-2-7071-5231-2.
  9. ^ Tan Koon San (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History, p. 299. ISBN 978-983-9541-88-5.
  10. ^ Bergreen, Laurence (2007). Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu, pp. 340–41. ISBN 978-0-307-26769-6.
  11. ^ Wasserman, James (2001). The Templars and the Assassins: The Militia of Heaven, p. 115. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-59477-873-5.
  12. ^ Virani, Shafique N.; Virani, Assistant Professor Departments of Historical Studies and the Study of Religion Shafique N. (2007). The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation, p. 32. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0.
  13. ^ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
  14. ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 147. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  15. ^ Jacques Gernet (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization, p. 376. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49781-7.
  16. ^ Luxi, Postilla super Baruch, pp. xiii-xiv.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1275
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