Events in the year 1970 in the People's Republic of China.

• Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party – Mao Zedong
• President of the People's Republic of China – vacant
• Premier of the People's Republic of China – Zhou Enlai
• Chairman of the National People's Congress – Zhu De
• Vice President of the People's Republic of China – Soong Ching-ling and Dong Biwu
• Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China – Lin Biao

• Governor of Anhui Province – Li Desheng
• Governor of Fujian Province – Han Xianchu
• Governor of Gansu Province – Song Ping
• Governor of Guangdong Province – Liu Xingyuan
• Governor of Guizhou Province – Ma Li
• Governor of Hebei Province – Li Zaihe
• Governor of Heilongjiang Province – Pan Fusheng
• Governor of Henan Province – Liu Jianxun
• Governor of Hubei Province – Zeng Siyu
• Governor of Hunan Province – Li Yuan then Hua Guofeng
• Governor of Jiangsu Province – Xu Shiyou
• Governor of Jiangxi Province – Cheng Shiqing
• Governor of Jilin Province – Wang Huaixiang
• Governor of Liaoning Province – Chen Xilian
• Governor of Qinghai Province – Liu Xianquan
• Governor of Shaanxi Province – Li Ruishan
• Governor of Shandong Province – Yang Dezhi
• Governor of Shanxi Province – Liu Geping
• Governor of Sichuan Province – Zhang Guohua
• Governor of Yunnan Province – Tan Furen (until October), Zhou Xing (starting October)
• Governor of Zhejiang Province – Nan Ping

• April 24 - China launched its first space satellite Dong Fang Hong I as part of the PRC's Dong Fang Hong space satellite program.

• October 13 – The People's Republic of China and Canada signed established diplomatic relations.
• October 14 – A Chinese nuclear test is conducted in Lop Nor.

• December 30 – Construction of the Gezhouba Dam started.

• September 7 – Gao Min, Chinese diver
• October 30 – Xie Jun, Chinese chess grandmaster

• September 23 – Zhao Shuli, Chinese novelist and a leading figure of modern Chinese literature.
• September 27 - Li Tianyou
• December 10 - Huang Qixiang

• 1970 in Chinese film