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{{Two other uses|'''influenza in birds in general''' as well as the '''the usage of the terminology'''|the current concern about the transmission of avian flu to humans|Transmission and infection of H5N1|the H5N1 subtype generating the concern|H5N1}}
bird flu is a disease which kills.

it is very dangerous.
{{Flu}}
when u get the bird flu it hurts.
'''Avian flu''' (also "bird flu", "avian influenza", "bird influenza"), means "[[flu]] from [[virus]]es adapted to [[bird]]s", but is sometimes mistakenly used to refer to both other flu subsets and the viruses that cause them. (Example: from ''any'' flu virus rather than ones adapted to birds, e.g. [[Dog flu]], [[Horse flu]], [[Human flu]], [[Swine flu]]), or (also incorrectly) even the virus itself. <ref name=ECDPC> "Avian influenza strains are those well adapted to birds"[http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:72mkmIQKbIQJ:www.ecdc.eu.int/documents/AF050930/AF3_13_Actions_taked_in_connection_with_Avian_Flu.doc+%22Avian+influenza%22+%22adapted+to+birds%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL]. </ref> <ref name=influenzareport> [http://www.influenzareport.com/ir/ai.htm Chapter Two : Avian Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner] from excellent free on-line Book called ''Influenza Report 2006'' which is a medical textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of epidemic and pandemic influenza.</ref> <ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7062/full/nature04239.html Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution] Nature magazine presents a summary of what has been discovered in the [[Influenza Genome Sequencing Project]].</ref> <ref>Full HTML text of [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/13/1374 Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans] by The Writing Committee of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5 in the [[September 29]], [[2005]] [[New England Journal of Medicine]]</ref> <ref>[http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309095042/html The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (2005)] Full text of online book by INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES</ref> <ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no10/05-0644-G1.htm Here] is the tree showing evolution by [[antigenic drift]] since 2002 that created dozens of highly [[pathogenic]] varieties of the Z genotype of avian flu virus H5N1, some of which are increasingly adapted to mammals.</ref> <ref>[http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/81/5/1293 Evolutionary characterization of the six internal genes of H5N1 human influenza A virus]</ref>
oooh fuk!!!!

damn ip address my assssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
All known avian flu viruses belong to the species of virus called ''[[Influenzavirus A|Influenza A virus]]''. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of Influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus ''is'' the Influenza A virus (note that the "A" does ''not'' stand for "avian").
imma kik jur mumz ass

signed gunni...sh3r.punjabi@gmail.com
As of [[2006]], "avian flu" is being commonly used to refer to infection from a particular subtype of Influenza A virus, [[H5N1]], which is currently the world's major [[flu pandemic]] threat.

Avian flu viruses are noninfectious for most species. When they are infectious they are usually asymptomatic, so the carrier does not have any disease from it. Thus while infected with an avian flu virus, the animal doesn't have a "flu". Typically, when illness (called "flu") from an avian flu virus ''does'' occur, it is the result of an avian flu virus strain adapted to one species spreading to another species (usually from one bird species to another bird species). So far as we know the most common result of this is an illness so minor as to be not worth noticing (and thus little studied). But with the domestication of chickens and turkeys, we have created species subtypes (domesticated poultry) that can catch an avian flu virus adapted to waterfowl and have it rapidly mutate into a form that kills in days over 90% of an entire flock and spread to other flocks and kill 90% of ''them'' and can only be stopped by killing every domestic bird in the area. Until [[H5N1]], this was basically the whole story of avian flu so far as anyone knew or cared (outside of the poultry industry). Now with H5N1, we have a whole new ballgame with H5N1 inventing new rules as it goes with behaviors never noticed before, and possibly never having occurred before. This is evolution right before our eyes. Even the Spanish flu virus did not behave like this. What is worth mentioning about illness from avian flu viruses is covered in [[H5N1 flu]], [[Flu]], and the subtype articles ([[H5N1]], HxNy) linked below (and the references in those articles).

A few examples of correct and incorrect usage of the term "avian flu" itself follow. For more scientific information about avian flu, see the subtype links towards the bottom of this article, [[H5N1 flu]], [[Flu]], [[Influenzavirus A]], and other linked articles.

==Illustrative examples of correct usage==
{{H5N1}}
[[Image:Swans.jpg|thumb|right|Swans can carry highly pathogenic avian H5N1 and other avian flu viruses]]
In technical contexts, correct usage of terms is necessary because precise distinctions are the essence of the communication.
*"Avian influenza strains are those well adapted to birds" <ref name=ECDPC/>
*"An outbreak of influenza A ([[H5N1]]), also known as 'avian flu' or 'bird flu,' has been reported in several countries throughout Asia." <ref> [http://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/avian-flu.html OSHA]</ref>
*"Avian influenza virus usually refers to influenza A viruses found chiefly in birds, but infections can occur in humans."<ref> [http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/ CDC] Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)</ref>
*"Of the few avian influenza viruses that have crossed the species barrier to infect humans, [[H5N1]] has caused the largest number of cases of severe disease and death in humans. Unlike normal seasonal influenza, where infection causes only mild respiratory symptoms in most people, the disease caused by H5N1 follows an unusually aggressive clinical course, with rapid deterioration and high fatality." Seasonal influenza is [[human flu]].<ref> [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/avian_faqs/en/index.html WHO] Avian influenza frequently asked questions</ref>
*"avian influenza HA bind alpha 2-3 [[sialic acid]] receptors while human influenza HA bind alpha 2-6 sialic acid receptors. Swine influenza viruses have the ability to bind both types of sialic acid receptors." <ref>[http://www.cissm.umd.edu/documents/Greninger%20Paper%2007-16-04.pdf Greninger Paper (PDF)]</ref>
*Sometimes a virus contains both avian adapted genes and human adapted genes. Both the [[H2N2]] and [[H3N2]] pandemic strains contained avian flu virus [[RNA]] segments. "While the pandemic human influenza viruses of 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2) clearly arose through reassortment between human and avian viruses, the influenza virus causing the '[[Spanish flu]]' in 1918 appears to be entirely derived from an avian source (Belshe 2005)." <ref name=influenzareport/>

==Illustrative examples of imprecise usage==
In nontechnical contexts, imprecise usage of terms is typical when discussing complex things.

*"A 1,000 square mile quarantine zone to combat an outbreak of bird flu was lifted in Scotland today - despite the spread of a similar disease south of the border." Here "bird flu" is used to mean "Asian lineage HPAI A([[H5N1]]) flu" (which is a bird flu) and contrasted with flu from an avian adapted strain of [[H7N3]] (which is also a bird flu).<ref> [http://www.24dash.com/content/news/viewNews.php?navID=7&newsID=5276 News] ''Avian flu quarantine zone lifted'' published May 1, 2006.</ref>

==See also==
;Timeline data on avian flu:
*Timeline data on avian flu can be found at the article on the causative agent species called ''[[Influenzavirus A|Influenza A virus]]''.
*Timeline data on the global spread of the strain that is the current pandemic concern (called [[H5N1|Asian lineage HPAI A(H5N1)]]) can be found at [[Global spread of H5N1]].
*Timeline data on creation of a [[flu vaccine]] for [[H5N1]] can be found at [[H5N1 clinical trials]].

;Subtypes of the causative agent species of avian flu include:
* [[H1N1]]
* [[H1N2]]
* [[H2N2]]
* [[H3N2]]
* [[H3N8]]
* [[H5N1]]
* [[H5N2]]
* [[H5N3]]
* [[H5N8]]
* [[H5N9]]
* [[H7N1]]
* [[H7N2]]
* [[H7N3]]
* [[H7N4]]
* [[H7N7]]
* [[H9N2]]
* [[H10N7]]

;Information concerning research about it can be found at:
* [[Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research]]
* [[Flu research]]
* [[Flu vaccine]]
* [[H5N1 genetic structure]]
* [[ICEID]]
* [[Influenza Genome Sequencing Project]]
* [[Influenza pandemic]]
* [[Cytokine storm]]
* [[International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza]]
* [[National Influenza Centers]]
* [[Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act]]
* [[Reporting disease cases]]
* [[Transmission and infection of H5N1]]

==Sources and notes==
<references/>
==Further reading==
;Official - international
*UN [[United Nations]]
**WHO [[World Health Organization]]
***[http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/avianinfluenza_factsheetJan2006/en/index.html The United Nation's World Health Organization's Avian Flu Facts Sheet for 2006]
***[http://www.who.int/csr/en/ Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response] Guide to WHO's H5N1 pages
***[http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/ Avian Influenza Resources (updated)] - tracks human cases and deaths
***[http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/nationalpandemic/en/index.html National Influenza Pandemic Plans]
***[http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/collabcentres/en/ WHO Collaborating Centres and Reference Laboratories] Centers, names, locations, and phone numbers
**[http://www.fao.org/ag/avian.html FAO Avian Influenza portal] Information resources, animations, videos, photos
***[http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/maps.html FAO] Food and Agriculture Organisation - Bi-weekly Avian Influenza Maps - tracks animal cases and deaths
***[http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/avian.html FAO Bird Flu disease card]
***[http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/economics.html FAO Socio-Economic impact of AI] Projects, Information resources
*OIE [[World Organisation for Animal Health]] - tracks animal cases and deaths
**[http://www.oie.int/downld/AVIAN%20INFLUENZA/A_AI-Asia.htm Official outbreak reports by country]
**[http://www.oie.int/eng/info/hebdo/a_isum.htm Official outbreak reports by week]
**[http://www.oie.int/downld/AVIAN%20INFLUENZA/graph%20HPAI%2010112005.pdf Chart of outbreaks by country]

;Official - [[United States]]
*[http://www.pandemicflu.gov PandemicFlu.Gov] U.S. Government's avian flu information site
*[http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/home/News/news_items/avian_influenza.html USAID] U.S. Agency for International Development - Avian Influenza Response
*[http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm CDC] Centers for Disease Control - responsible agency for avian influenza in humans in US - Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus
*[http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/avian_influenza/ USGS - NWHC] National Wildlife Health Center - responsible agency for avian influenza in animals in US
*[http://www.hhs.gov/pandemicflu/plan/ HHS] U.S. Department of Health & Human Services - Pandemic Influenza Plan

;Official - [[United Kingdom]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/23_02_06_defra_plan.pdf Exotic Animal Disease Generic Contingency Plan] — [[DEFRA]] generic contingency plan for controlling and eradicating an outbreak of an exotic animal disease. [[PDF]] hosted by [[BBC]] (a government entity).
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/19_10_05_bird_flu.pdf UK Influenza Pandemic Contingency Plan] — [[NHS]] (a government entity). Contingency planning for an influenza pandemic. [[PDF]] hosted by [[BBC]]

;Technical
*[http://www.InfluenzaReport.com Influenza Report 2006] Online book. Research level quality information. Highly recommended.
*[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7062/full/nature04239.html Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution] Nature magazine presents a summary of what has been discovered in the [[Influenza Genome Sequencing Project]].
*[http://wildlifedisease.nbii.gov/diseasepublications.jsp?disease=Avian%20Influenza Links and descriptions to abstracts and full texts] This bibliography of avian influenza publications was complied through the cooperative effort of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center and the Wildlife Disease Information Node.
*Search for research publications about H5N1: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi Entez PubMed]
*[http://www.biojournals.com/h5n1.html Latest publications on H5N1]
*Full HTML text of [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/13/1374 Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans] by The Writing Committee of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5 in the [[September 29]], [[2005]] [[New England Journal of Medicine]]
*Evolutionary "Tree of Life" for H5N1:
**[http://www.nap.edu/books/0309095042/html/79.html Here] is the phylogenetic tree of the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene segment. Amino acid changes in three lineages (bird, pig, human) of the influenza virus hemagglutinin protein segment HA1.
**[http://www.nap.edu/books/0309095042/html/123.html#p2000c2099960123001 Here] is the tree showing the evolution by [[reassortment]] of H5N1 from 1999 to 2004 that created the Z genotype in 2002.
**[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no10/05-0644-G1.htm Here] is the tree showing evolution by [[antigenic drift]] since 2002 that created dozens of highly [[pathogenic]] varieties of the Z genotype of avian flu virus H5N1, some of which are increasingly adapted to mammals.
*[http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/81/5/1293 Evolutionary characterization of the six internal genes of H5N1 human influenza A virus]
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=genome&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=18697 Genome database] Page links to the complete sequence of the Influenza A virus (A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96(H5N1)) genome.

;General information
*[http://www.avian-influenza.com/ Avian influenza disease and control strategies site sponsored by Intervet International]
*[http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/ CIDRAP-Avian Flu]
*[http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/avianflu/index.html Nature Magazine focus on the global spread of H5N1]
*[http://www.cepr.net/publications/intellectual_property_2005_10.pdf ''Bird Flu Fears: Is There a Better Way to Develop Drugs?'' (Center for Economic and Policy Research) October 2005 (PDF)]
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4967188 Q&A: What is Bird Flu and Who's At Risk?]
*[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7041/full/435400a.html Nature Magazine: Avian flu special: The flu pandemic: were we ready!?] - Fictional account of flu epidemic from ''Nature'' magazine
*[http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309095042/html/R1.html The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (2005)] - Online book by Board on Global Health (BGH) from the ''Institute of Medicine of The National Academies''
*[http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050207-1022651,00.html Emergency Measures Avian flu is on the rise in Vietnam and is now endemic in much of Asia. Can heightened vigilance keep it at bay?]
*[http://www.fluwikie.com/ Flu Wiki]
* [http://www.pandemicinfosite.com/index2.htm Pandemic News and Information- H5N1 Avian Influenza - Bird Flu- Planning for Business and Individuals]
*[http://www.birdflu-platinum.com Bird Flu Information]
*[http://www.fluTrackers.com/ FluTrackers]
{{wikinews|Category:Avian Flu}}
*[http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/foto/EMPRES_Watch_global_flyways.gif FAO's map of overlapping flyways for migratory waterfowl worldwide]
*[http://declanbutler.info/Flumaps1/avianflu.html Google Earth updated maps of avian flu spread in poultry and humans]
*[http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/pdf/panflu20060313.pdf Department of Health and Human Services Pandemic Planning Update A Report from Secretary Michael O. Leavitt March 13, 2006]This report outlines how the 3.3 billon dollar funding is being used to help achieve HHS’s five primary objectives around Pandemic Response.

*[http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/ WHO Avian influenza resource (updated)]
*[http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm CDC Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus]
*[http://www.fao.org/ag/avian.html FAO information on Avian Influenza - Latest news, Disease Card, Maps, Animations]
*[http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/anim-disease/avianflu.html Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Agricultural and Wildlife Considerations]
*[[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] (text and video)
**[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=116811&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=142787 Emerging Pandemic: Costs and Consequences of an Avian Influenza Outbreak]
**[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=116811&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=152803 Critical Dialogues on Avian Influenza]Bringing Together the Public Health, Animal Health, and Wildlife Management Communities
**[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=116811&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=177809 The Avian Flu Challenge in Southeast Asia: the Potential of Public-Private Partnerships]

;News
*[http://www.blauerbote.com/index.php?r=Bird+Flu+and+H5N1+News+Overview&z=1&q%5B0%5D=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.reuters.com%2Frss%2FglobalCoverage2&aq%5B0%5D=10&q%5B1%5D=&aq%5B1%5D=2&q%5B2%5D=&aq%5B2%5D=2&q%5B3%5D=&aq%5B3%5D=2&q%5B4%5D=&aq%5B4%5D=2&q%5B5%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.search.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Frss%3Fva%3DH5N1&aq%5B5%5D=10&q%5B6%5D=&aq%5B6%5D=2&q%5B7%5D=&aq%5B7%5D=2&q%5B8%5D=&aq%5B8%5D=2&q%5B9%5D=&aq%5B9%5D=2&kno=O.K.&s=uk&h=1&p=&v=&u= Blauer's ''Bird Flu and H5N1 News Overview'' using Reuters and Yahoo News]
*[http://news.google.com/news?q=H5N1&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wn Current status (Google news of "H5N1")]
*[http://www.birdfluupdate.org Bird Flu news updates]
*[http://www.scidev.net/ms/bird_flu Bird Flu News Focus] from [[scidev|SciDev.Net]], regularly updated with the latest news stories
*[http://www.physorg.com/news10302.html University of Pittsburgh scientists say they've genetically engineered an avian flu vaccine that has proven 100 percent effective in mice and chickens.] from physorg.com
*[http://diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/issued?openform&cat=Bird_Flu Diplomacy Monitor - Bird Flu]
*[http://www.newsnow.co.uk/newsfeed/?name=Bird+Flu&x=7&y=5 News Now: Bird Flu], updated every five minutes with news from over 22,000 sources
*[http://www.flu-h5n1.info Bird Flu H5N1 Daily Reports]
*[http://www.histopathology-india.net/Avian.htm Avian Influenza (Bird flu)]

[[Category:Influenza]]
[[Category:H5N1]]

[[ar:إنفلونزا الطيور]]
[[zh-min-nan:Khîm-liû-kám]]
[[bg:Птичи грип]]
[[cs:Ptačí chřipka]]
[[cy:Ffliw adar]]
[[de:Vogelgrippe]]
[[es:Gripe aviar]]
[[eo:Birda gripo]]
[[fa:آنفلوآنزای مرغی]]
[[fr:Grippe aviaire]]
[[gl:Gripe aviar]]
[[ko:조류 독감]]
[[id:Flu burung]]
[[it:Influenza aviaria]]
[[he:שפעת העופות]]
[[ms:Selsema burung]]
[[nl:Vogelpest]]
[[ja:トリインフルエンザ]]
[[no:Fugleinfluensa]]
[[nds:Vagelgripp]]
[[pl:Ptasia grypa]]
[[pt:Gripe aviária]]
[[ro:Gripa aviară]]
[[ru:Птичий грипп]]
[[sl:Ptičja gripa]]
[[fi:Lintuinfluenssa]]
[[sv:Fågelinfluensa]]
[[tl:Avian influenza]]
[[th:ไข้หวัดนก]]
[[vi:Cúm gia cầm]]
[[tr:Kuş gribi]]
[[uk:Грип пташиний]]
[[zh:禽流感]]

Revision as of 10:20, 8 August 2006

Template:Two other uses

Avian flu (also "bird flu", "avian influenza", "bird influenza"), means "flu from viruses adapted to birds", but is sometimes mistakenly used to refer to both other flu subsets and the viruses that cause them. (Example: from any flu virus rather than ones adapted to birds, e.g. Dog flu, Horse flu, Human flu, Swine flu), or (also incorrectly) even the virus itself. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

All known avian flu viruses belong to the species of virus called Influenza A virus. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of Influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the Influenza A virus (note that the "A" does not stand for "avian").

As of 2006, "avian flu" is being commonly used to refer to infection from a particular subtype of Influenza A virus, H5N1, which is currently the world's major flu pandemic threat.

Avian flu viruses are noninfectious for most species. When they are infectious they are usually asymptomatic, so the carrier does not have any disease from it. Thus while infected with an avian flu virus, the animal doesn't have a "flu". Typically, when illness (called "flu") from an avian flu virus does occur, it is the result of an avian flu virus strain adapted to one species spreading to another species (usually from one bird species to another bird species). So far as we know the most common result of this is an illness so minor as to be not worth noticing (and thus little studied). But with the domestication of chickens and turkeys, we have created species subtypes (domesticated poultry) that can catch an avian flu virus adapted to waterfowl and have it rapidly mutate into a form that kills in days over 90% of an entire flock and spread to other flocks and kill 90% of them and can only be stopped by killing every domestic bird in the area. Until H5N1, this was basically the whole story of avian flu so far as anyone knew or cared (outside of the poultry industry). Now with H5N1, we have a whole new ballgame with H5N1 inventing new rules as it goes with behaviors never noticed before, and possibly never having occurred before. This is evolution right before our eyes. Even the Spanish flu virus did not behave like this. What is worth mentioning about illness from avian flu viruses is covered in H5N1 flu, Flu, and the subtype articles (H5N1, HxNy) linked below (and the references in those articles).

A few examples of correct and incorrect usage of the term "avian flu" itself follow. For more scientific information about avian flu, see the subtype links towards the bottom of this article, H5N1 flu, Flu, Influenzavirus A, and other linked articles.

Illustrative examples of correct usage

Swans can carry highly pathogenic avian H5N1 and other avian flu viruses

In technical contexts, correct usage of terms is necessary because precise distinctions are the essence of the communication.

  • "Avian influenza strains are those well adapted to birds" [1]
  • "An outbreak of influenza A (H5N1), also known as 'avian flu' or 'bird flu,' has been reported in several countries throughout Asia." [8]
  • "Avian influenza virus usually refers to influenza A viruses found chiefly in birds, but infections can occur in humans."[9]
  • "Of the few avian influenza viruses that have crossed the species barrier to infect humans, H5N1 has caused the largest number of cases of severe disease and death in humans. Unlike normal seasonal influenza, where infection causes only mild respiratory symptoms in most people, the disease caused by H5N1 follows an unusually aggressive clinical course, with rapid deterioration and high fatality." Seasonal influenza is human flu.[10]
  • "avian influenza HA bind alpha 2-3 sialic acid receptors while human influenza HA bind alpha 2-6 sialic acid receptors. Swine influenza viruses have the ability to bind both types of sialic acid receptors." [11]
  • Sometimes a virus contains both avian adapted genes and human adapted genes. Both the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains contained avian flu virus RNA segments. "While the pandemic human influenza viruses of 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2) clearly arose through reassortment between human and avian viruses, the influenza virus causing the 'Spanish flu' in 1918 appears to be entirely derived from an avian source (Belshe 2005)." [2]

Illustrative examples of imprecise usage

In nontechnical contexts, imprecise usage of terms is typical when discussing complex things.

  • "A 1,000 square mile quarantine zone to combat an outbreak of bird flu was lifted in Scotland today - despite the spread of a similar disease south of the border." Here "bird flu" is used to mean "Asian lineage HPAI A(H5N1) flu" (which is a bird flu) and contrasted with flu from an avian adapted strain of H7N3 (which is also a bird flu).[12]

See also

Timeline data on avian flu
Subtypes of the causative agent species of avian flu include
Information concerning research about it can be found at

Sources and notes

  1. ^ a b "Avian influenza strains are those well adapted to birds"EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL.
  2. ^ a b Chapter Two : Avian Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner from excellent free on-line Book called Influenza Report 2006 which is a medical textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of epidemic and pandemic influenza.
  3. ^ Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution Nature magazine presents a summary of what has been discovered in the Influenza Genome Sequencing Project.
  4. ^ Full HTML text of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans by The Writing Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5 in the September 29, 2005 New England Journal of Medicine
  5. ^ The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (2005) Full text of online book by INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
  6. ^ Here is the tree showing evolution by antigenic drift since 2002 that created dozens of highly pathogenic varieties of the Z genotype of avian flu virus H5N1, some of which are increasingly adapted to mammals.
  7. ^ Evolutionary characterization of the six internal genes of H5N1 human influenza A virus
  8. ^ OSHA
  9. ^ CDC Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
  10. ^ WHO Avian influenza frequently asked questions
  11. ^ Greninger Paper (PDF)
  12. ^ News Avian flu quarantine zone lifted published May 1, 2006.

Further reading

Official - international
Official - United States
  • PandemicFlu.Gov U.S. Government's avian flu information site
  • USAID U.S. Agency for International Development - Avian Influenza Response
  • CDC Centers for Disease Control - responsible agency for avian influenza in humans in US - Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus
  • USGS - NWHC National Wildlife Health Center - responsible agency for avian influenza in animals in US
  • HHS U.S. Department of Health & Human Services - Pandemic Influenza Plan
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allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F68374958