Thälmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
People
- Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944), leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during much of the Weimar Republic
- Ernst Thälmann (film), East German film about the German Communist leader Ernst Thälmann
- Ernst Thälmann Island, 15 kilometre long and 500 metre wide Cuban island in the Gulf of Cazones
- Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation, youth organisation of schoolchildren in East Germany
- Ernst-Thälmann-Park, park in the centre of the Prenzlauer Berg district in Berlin
- Thälmann Battalion, battalion of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War
- Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation session (Pioniernachmittag)
- Rosa Thälmann (1890–1962), wife of Ernst Thälmann