Melnychenko (Ukrainian: Мельниченко) or Melnichenko is a surname of Ukrainian-language origin. Derived from мельник, it means descendant of a miller. It is common in Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus. Notable people with the surname include:

• Anastasia Melnichenko (born 1984), Ukrainian activist
• Andrey Melnichenko (born 1972), Belarusian-Russian billionaire
• Hanna Melnychenko (born 1983), Ukrainian heptathlete
• Ilona Melnichenko, Ukrainian ice dancer for the Soviet Union
• Maksym Melnychenko (born 2005), Ukrainian footballer
• Mykola Melnychenko (born 1966), Ukrainian security srvice officer
• Serhii Melnychenko (born 1991), Ukrainian photographer, dancer
• Volodymyr Melnychenko (1931–2023), Ukrainian visual artist, sculptor and architect
• Yuriy Melnichenko (born 1972), Kazakhstani wrestler

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