| 1420 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1420 in poetry |
Year 1420 (MCDXX) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 25 – The civil war in Switzerland, which had pitted the cantons of Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden, supporting rebels in Valais against the Baron of Valais and against the Canton of Bern, is ended by the signing of a treaty at the neutral town of Zug, after mediation by Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.[1]
- February 8 – Admiral Pietro Loredan of the Republic of Venice is assigned to carry out the conquest of Dalmatia (now part of Croatia) across the Adriatic Sea.[2]
- February 14 – William Taylor is acquitted of charges of heresy in a trial before the Archbishop of Canterbury, Henry Chichele. Taylor will later be convicted and burned at the stake for heresy in 1423.[3]
- March 1 – Pope Martin V issues the papal bull Omnium plasmatoris domini, calling upon Roman Catholics to unite in a crusade against what he considers heretic Christian sects, including the adherents of John Wycliffe (Lollards) and the followers of Jan Hus (Hussites).[4][5]
- March 15 – Sigismund, the Holy Roman Emperor, orders the execution of the Hussite Jan Krása, who had led an uprising against the Empire at Wroclaw.
- March 17 – Ferdinand de Palacios, an envoy of the Pope, publishes the papal bull at Wroclaw, calling for a crusade against the Hussites
- March 25 – Hussite Wars After their offer of a surrender is refused, the outnumbered Hussites of Bohemia, led by Jan Zizka, defeat the invading Holy Roman Imperial forces at the Battle of Sudoměř fought near what is now Čejetice in the Czech Republic.[6]Frederick II
- March 26 – Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg leads a decisive defeat of the Pomeranian Alliance in the battle of Angermünde.[7]
April–June
- April 22 – A dispute between the County of Nassau-Siegen and the Electorate of Trier over who shall be made count of Isenburg-Limburg is settled after negotiations.
- April 30 – Great Frisian War: In a war that began 70 years earlier in 1350 The Skieringers, led by Sikke Sjaarda, capture the city of Bolsward (now part of Friesland in the Netherlands) from the wealthier Fetkeapers. The allies of the Fetkeapers, led by Focko Ukena, then react and make a counterattack on May 12 at Palesloot near Hindeloopen.
- May 12 – The Venetian Navy and Army, led by Admiral Loredan, begin their assault on the territory of Dalamatia in order to control the Adriatic. By October, the area is under Venetian control.[2]
- May 21 – Treaty of Troyes: With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King Charles VI of France acknowledges Henry V of England as his heir, and as virtual ruler of most of France.[8]
- May 23 – Albert V, Duke of Austria, issues the Vienna Gesera, a campaign of expulsion or extermination of the 1,500 Jewish residents of Vienna. Those who are not imprisoned are executed 10 months later, and similar persecutions are carried out in other cities in Austria.[9]
- May 25 – Henry the Navigator is appointed Grand Master of the Military Order of Christ.
- June 2 – Catherine of Valois marries King Henry V of England.[10]
- June 7 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine after a long siege, ending the independence of the Patriarchal State of Friuli, run by the Patriarch of Aquileia.
- June 12 – The Hussites of Jan Zizka defeat the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Germany, the Duchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Vítkov Hill.
July–September
- July 14 – The Hussites defeat and the Holy Roman Imperial forces begin a month-long fight in the Battle of Vítkov Hill.
- August 7 – Construction of the dome of Florence Cathedral is started, after Filippo Brunelleschi wins the commission for his "double shell" design.
- August 31 – A 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region, causing tsunamis in Chile, as well as Hawaii and Japan.[11][12]
- September 3 – Murdoch Stewart becomes the new Duke of Albany and Regent of Scotland for King James I, upon the death of his father Robert Stewart. During his time governing Scotland, Murdoch makes no effort to secure King James's release until forced to do so by political pressure.[13]
- September 15 – In a crusade against the Hussites, Holy Roman Imperial forces begin the siege of Vyšehrad
- September 24 – The Ottoman Army defeats a rebellion, led by Miklós Csáki, Voivode of Transylvania (now Romania). Two days later, the Ottoman troops loot and burn the city of Orăștie and take thousands of Transylvanian civilians as slaves.
October–December
- October 21 – King Henry V summons the English Parliament, directing its members to assemble at Westminster on December 2.
- October 22 – Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh, an envoy of the embassy sent by the Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating pontoon bridge at Lanzhou (constructed earlier in 1372) as he crosses the Yellow River on this day. He writes that it was: "...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty."
- October 28 – Beijing is officially designated the capital of Ming Dynasty China, during the same year that the Forbidden City, the seat of government, is completed.
- November 1 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Vyšehrad: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, fails and is ejected from Bohemia.
- December 2 – The 9th Parliament of King Henry V of England is opened at Westminster, and selects Roger Hunt as Speaker of the House of Commons.
Date unknown
- Henry V of England commences construction of the ship Grace Dieu.
- Tang Saier starts a rebellion against the emperor of China, and takes two cities with her rebel army, before she is defeated.[14]
- Construction begins on the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, while the palace complex of the Forbidden City is completed. In this year the Yongle Emperor confers the title "Beijing" ("Northern Capital") for the Ming Dynasty's new capital city, replacing Nanjing.
- Radu II Praznaglava, supported by the Ottomans, and Dan II, with Hungarian help, start a seven-years-long struggle for the throne of Wallachia, after Mihail I is killed in a battle. The throne of Wallachia will switch from one to another about four times until 1427, when Radu II dies.
- Alexandru cel Bun defends Moldavia against the first incursion by the Ottomans, at Cetatea Albă.
Births
- February 9 – Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg (d. 1491)
- April 23 – George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia (d. 1471)[15]
- June 5 – Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse, German royalty (d. 1462)[16]
- July 19 – William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1483)
- October 1 – Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, German noble (d. 1488)
- date unknown
- Jean Fouquet, French painter (d. 1481)
- Nicolas Jenson, French engraver (d. 1480)
- Antoinette de Maignelais, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1474)
- Tomás de Torquemada, first grand inquisitor of Spain (d. 1490)[17]
Deaths
- June 11 – John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg (b. c. 1369)
- June 12 – Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1362)[18]
- August – Mihail I, ruler of Wallachia (killed in battle)
- August 9 – Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1351)
- September 3 – Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland
- date unknown
- Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish chronicler (b. 1350)[19]
- Marina Galina, Dogaressa of Venice
- Epiphanius the Wise, Russian saint[20]
- King Lukeni lua Nimi of the Kingdom of Kongo (b. 1380)
References
- ^ Zschokke, Heinrich and Emil (1855). The History of Switzerland, for the Swiss People. C. S. Francis & Company. pp. 78–81.
- ^ a b Gulino, Giuseppe (2005). "LOREDAN, Pietro". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 65: Levis–Lorenzetti (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
- ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ "Hussites", in The Catholic Encyclopedia
- ^ Šmahel, František, Husitská revoluce, 3. Kronika válečných let (The Hussite Revolution. 3. Chronicle of the War Years) (Prague: Karolinum, 1996) p.36 (ISBAN 80-7184-075-0)
- ^ List of Hussite Battles
- ^ Werner Buchholz et al., Pommern (Siedler, 1999) ISBN 3-88680-780-0 pp.160-166
- ^ Arthur Hassall (1919). France, Mediaeval and Modern: A History. Clarendon Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-598-86435-2.
- ^ Wiener Gesera, Jewish Virtual Library
- ^ Keith Dockray (2004). Henry V. Tempus. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-7524-3046-1.
- ^ Guzmán, L. (February 14, 2019). "Encuentran registros de megaterremoto ocurrido hace seis siglos en el norte de Chile". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- ^ Manuel Abad, Tatiana Izquierdo, Miguel Cáceres, Enrique Bernárdez and Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal (2018). Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean-wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile). Sedimentology. Publication: december, 13th, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12570
- ^ J. D. Mackie, A History of Scotland (Penguin Books, 1964) p.97
- ^ Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
- ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Incorporated. 1999. p. 516. ISBN 978-0-7172-0131-0.
- ^ Anne Commire (8 October 1999). Women in World History. Gale. p. 361. ISBN 978-0-7876-4061-3.
- ^ Iris Lilian Whitman (1927). Longfellow and Spain. Lancaster Press Incorporated. p. 214.
- ^ Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. p. 66.
- ^ James Grant Wilson (1876). From Thomas the Rhymer to Richard Gall. Harper & brothers. p. 8.
- ^ Henrik Birnbaum; Michael S. Flier (1984). California Slavic Studies. University of California Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-520-08638-8.