Type 022 missile boat

Drawing of Chinese Fast Attack Craft 2208 - Type-022 Houbei-Class
Class overview
NameType 022
BuildersHudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding, Shanghai
Operators People's Liberation Army Navy
Preceded by
CostEstimates vary from $14.5 million[2] over $40 million[3] up to $50 million per boat[4]
Built2004–2009
In commission2004–present
Completed60[5]
Active60 (approx.)[6]
General characteristics
Displacement224 long tons (228 t) full load[7]
Length42.6 m (139 ft 9 in)[7]
Beam12.2 m (40 ft 0 in)[7]
Draught1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)[7]
Decks1
Propulsion
  • 2 x diesel engines generating 6,865 hp (5,119 kW)[7]
  • 4 x Kamewae waterjet propulsors[7]
Speed40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph)[7]
Complement12[7]
Sensors &
processing systems
  • Type 348 (LR66) surface search radar[7]
  • Navigation radar (I band)[7]
  • Optronic director[7]
Armament

The Type 022 (NATO designation: Houbei class) is a class of Chinese catamaran missile boat. It entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in 2004.

It is sometimes called the "Type 22".[8]

Development

In the 1980s, Chinese naval strategy shifted from coastal to offshore operations ("near-seas active defense"). By the late-1990s, the PLAN wanted fast attack craft with greater range and seakeeping. The Type 022 was likely a response to the requirement. In the early-2000s, China made an abortive attempt to purchase Tarantul-class corvettes from Russia.[1]

The Type 022 is based on AMD Marine Consulting's AMD 350 catamaran hull and developed further by Seabus International in Guangzhou; Seabus was a joint venture between AMD and China State Shipbuilding Corporation's Guangzhou Marine Engineering Corporation.[9][10]

The prototype launched from Qiuxin Shipyard in Shanghai in April 2004. Production occurred from at least six shipyards[7] before ending in 2009.[5]

In October 2025, Janes reported that Indonesia planned to acquire the Type 022.[11]

Design

Type 022s in disruptive camouflage.

The Type 022 has a wave-piercing catamaran hull[9][10] made of aluminium.[9][12] The hull is reportedly manufactured using friction stir welding.[13] Radar cross section-reduction features are incorporated,[14][7] including a stealthy turret for the AK-630.[10]

The boat only has line of sight sensors. Longer-range fire in coordination with other units is enabled by tactical data links.[14][15]

According to a 2014 report from the U.S. Naval War College's China Maritime Studies Institute, the boat's speed and aluminium hull makes it difficult to attack with torpedoes with magnetic detonators.[16]

Later boats received a FLS-1 launcher on bridge for QW man-portable surface-to-air missile.[10]

Operational history

Type 022s in the PLAN typically deploy in squadrons of eight.[17] During exercises, they have fired coordinated missile salvoes using third-party targeting data. Their missions may include coastal defense, ISR, and supporting offensive operations outside territorial waters.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Patch 2014, p. 2.
  2. ^ "Information Dissemination: Janes Discusses Chinese Streetfighter". informationdissemination.net.
  3. ^ Axe, David (August 4, 2011). "China Builds Fleet of Small Warships While U.S. Drifts". Wired.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2013. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
  4. ^ "China's Project 022 Fast Attack Craft". defencetalk.com.
  5. ^ a b O'Rourke, Ronald (5 October 2023). China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress (PDF) (Report). 272. Congressional Research Service. p. 7. RL33153. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
  6. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2025, p. 243.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Saunders 2015, p. 151.
  8. ^ "HJB 394-2007 22型导弹快艇规范". 国家标准行业标准信息服务网. 2007-04-30. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  9. ^ a b c Lague, David (2012-06-01). "Insight - From a ferry, a Chinese fast-attack boat". Reuters. Retrieved 2025-09-11.
  10. ^ a b c d Bussert, James C. (1 December 2007). "Catamarans Glide Through Chinese Waters". SIGNAL. AFCEA. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
  11. ^ Rahmat, Ridzwan (16 October 2025). "Indonesia seeks foreign loans for J-10 fighters, naval systems". Jane's. Retrieved 20 October 2025.
  12. ^ Patch 2014, p. 10.
  13. ^ Delany, Fred; Kallee, Stephan W.; Russell, Mike J. (2007). "Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Ships". The Welding Institute. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
  14. ^ a b Patch 2014, p. 4.
  15. ^ a b Patch 2014, p. 7.
  16. ^ Murray 2014, p. 29.
  17. ^ Sutton, H. I. (27 September 2021). "This is What a Chinese Stealth Warship Looks Like on Radar". USNI News.

Sources

  • International Institute for Strategic Studies (2025). The Military Balance 2025. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-041-04967-8.
  • Murray, William S. (2014). "Underwater TELs and China's Antisubmarine Warfare". China's Near Seas Combat Capabilities. CMSI Red Book. Vol. 11. China Maritime Studies Institute. ISBN 978-1-935352-16-7.
  • Patch, John (2014). "Chinese Houbei Fast Attack Craft". China's Near Seas Combat Capabilities. CMSI Red Book. Vol. 11. China Maritime Studies Institute. ISBN 978-1-935352-16-7.
  • Walton, Timothy A.; McGrath, Bryan (2014). "China's Surface Fleet Trajectory". China's Near Seas Combat Capabilities. CMSI Red Book. Vol. 11. China Maritime Studies Institute. ISBN 978-1-935352-16-7.
  • Saunders, Stephan, ed. (2015). Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0710631435.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_022_missile_boat