List of former national anthems
Below is a list of various national anthems which, at some point in time, were the de jure or de facto anthems of various contemporary or historical states.
List
Sovereign states
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Sovereign states (abolished)
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Territories
See also
Notes
- ^ Also known by the title of "Garam shah lā garam shah" (English: "Be ardent, be more ardent").
- ^ Also known by the title of "Qal’a-ye Islam, qalb-e Asiya" (English: "Fortress of Islam, heart of Asia"); its incipit.
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period (until 1918) existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[2]
- ^ a b The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[2] Cite error: The named reference "austria2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[2]
- ^ From 1908 a royal anthem, "Anthem of His Majesty the Tsar",[trans 14] was adopted and played immediately after the anthem whenever the monarch was present.
- ^ Popularly known "ကမ္ဘာမကြေ" (Kaba Ma Kyei), its music was later used as a template for the National Anthem of Burma which is also known as Kaba Ma Kyei.
- ^ "Song of the Paris Peace Agreement" served as the national anthem from 8 February 1992 to 24 September 1993, when the country was administered by the "United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia" (UNTAC) until "Nokor Reach" was restored in September 1993.
- ^ "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada" was adopted in 1975 by both Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau on their respective independence from Portugal. Cape Verde introduced a unique anthem in 1996, but it remains the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau.
- ^ Currently used as the national anthem of Taiwan.
- ^ Served as the unofficial anthem during the "Cultural Revolution" from 1966-1976 when the author of "March of the Volunteers", Tian Han was purged.
- ^ Although it is the first to appear on this list, "Chant du départ" was not the original national anthem of France; "La Marseillaise", the modern national anthem, was originally used from 1795 to 1799. It was readopted in 1870.
- ^ During Germany's Weimar period, all three verses of "Das Lied der Deutschen" were sung, whereas today only the third verse is sung.
- ^ During Germany's Nazi period, only the first verse of "Das Lied der Deutschen" was sung, and followed by "Horst-Wessel-Lied", the SA song written by Horst Wessel.
- ^ During Germany's Nazi period, only the first verse of "Das Lied der Deutschen" was sung, and followed by "Horst-Wessel-Lied", the SA song written by Horst Wessel.
- ^ Unofficial, de facto. Shares the same tune as the current Micronesian national anthem.
- ^ Although officially all three verses were designated as the West German national anthem, in practice only the third verse was actually performed in public.
- ^ Tune same as that used in the royal anthem and flag anthem of Iran at the time.
- ^ Title also given as "The Royal Salute" (Arabic: السلام الملكي)
- ^ Not to be confused with the current Iraqi national anthem, which shares the same name.[8]
- ^ Title in Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ^ De facto, never officially adopted.
- ^ a b Lyrics same as those used in the current South Korean national anthem.
- ^ The modern national anthem of Kuwait, adopted in 1978, retains "Amiri Salute" in its entirety as an opening fanfare.[13]
- ^ After the founding of the present Lao People's Democratic Republic, "Pheng Xat Lao" had its words, but not its music, changed.
- ^ "Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya" was relinquished in 1969, was but re-adopted as the national anthem of Libya after the victory of the National Transitional Council over the Gaddafi regime in 2011, the only difference being the omission of a verse glorifying King Idris.
- ^ Bogurodzica was created somewhere between the 10th and 13th centuries. Adalbert of Prague is believed to be the creator of the Polish hymn by most scholars; he lived between 956 and 997. Bogurodzica was used as the national anthem of the Kingdom of Poland from its creation until 1795 with the end of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
- ^ Rhodesia's 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) went unrecognised by the United Kingdom and the United Nations, both of which continued to consider Rhodesia to be the British colony of Southern Rhodesia. Despite declaring independence, the "de facto" Rhodesian government still maintained loyalty to Elizabeth II and so retained Britain's national anthem, "God Save the Queen", until it declared Rhodesia a republic in 1970. A replacement state anthem was not adopted until 1974, when "Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia" came into use. As its independence was illegal, "God Save the Queen" remained Rhodesia's "de jure" national anthem throughout the UDI period of 1965 to 1979.
- ^ The "Worker's Marseillaise" was briefly used alongside "The Internationale" by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1918.
- ^ Subsequently adopted by the Soviet Union in 1922 and used until 1944; the "Worker's Marseillaise" was briefly used alongside "The Internationale" by Russia from 1917 to 1918.
- ^ Although replaced as national anthem in 1932, "Sansoen Phra Barami" was retained as Siam's (and, following the country's change of name in 1939, Thailand's) royal anthem.
- ^ Served as Somalia's national anthem until 2012, when it was replaced with "Qolobaa Calankeed".
- ^ Was the sole de jure national anthem from 1910 to 1938.[22] From 1938 to 1957, it officially shared co-national anthem status with "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", upon which the latter became the sole national anthem.[22] It remained the royal anthem until 1961.
- ^ From 1938 to 1957, it served as a co-national anthem with equal status with "God Save the King and "God Save the Queen".[22] It had served as a sort of de facto co-national anthem since the 1920s. From 1957 to 1994, it was the sole national anthem. "The Call of South Africa" and "God Bless Africa" became co-national anthems of South Africa in 1994. The modern South African national anthem, adopted in 1997, uses elements from each as separate segments in a single composition.[23][24]
- ^ "The Call of South Africa" and "God Bless Africa" became co-national anthems of South Africa in 1994. The modern South African national anthem, adopted in 1997, uses elements from each in separate segments.[24]
- ^ The "Triple Anthem" was a mix of the March of Oriamendi, the anthem of the Carlists, Cara al Sol, the anthem of the Falange, and the Marcha Real
- ^ Remains the national anthem of Spain, however the lyrics have since been removed and it is now referred to under its title of "Marcha Real".
- ^ Previously, with lyrics, used as the regional anthem of the Soviet Union's Turkmen SSR until 1991.
- ^ "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" is generally considered to have been the "de facto" national anthem of the United States prior to 1931, but not universally. Alternatives included "Hail, Columbia", and the modern anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".[27][28]
- ^ a b The Papal States became part of Italy in 1870, but the anthem was retained as the Vatican City's first anthem until 1950.
- ^ "Ishe Komborera Africa" is a translation of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" from Xhosa into Shona and Ndebele.
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[2]
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[2]
- ^ The same tune is used for the current Indian national anthem.
- ^ a b c d e The anthems of the previously independent German kingdoms and duchies continued to be used as regional anthems until the fall of the German Empire in 1918.
- ^ The Confederate States never adopted an official national anthem. The Civil War Trust firmly states that the "honor rightly belongs to" "God Save the South", the first piece of music published in the Confederacy, "because of its stirring poetry and its outstanding musical setting". Commonly cited alternatives include the popular song "Dixie" and "The Bonnie Blue Flag", a marching song.[32][33]
- ^ Only the first verses of each anthem were sung during the union of the Czech lands with Slovakia.
- ^ The song "Ey Reqîb" is still used as the regional anthem of Iraqi Kurdistan, and as the anthem of the Kurdish people in general.
- ^ Served as Somalia's national anthem until 2012, when it was replaced with "Qolobaa Calankeed".
- ^ The last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI, decided not to have a special march for himself, but used the first Ottoman anthem, "Mahmudiye".
- ^ Serbia and Montenegro was called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 4 February 2003.[36]
- ^ The song was originally called "Thanh Niên Hành Khúc" (English: "March of the Youths"); the title and words were altered significantly when it became national anthem, though the music remained the same. Luu Huu Phuoc was still officially credited for both the music and the lyrics.
- ^ It was a medley of "Bože pravde", "Lijepa naša domovino" and "Naprej, zastava slave", used by Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia respectively.
- ^ The same melody was used for the Kazakhstan national anthem in the early years of independence, before it was replaced with the current anthem, "Meniñ Qazaqstanım".
- ^ From 1802 until 1911 the anthem of Macau was "Hymno Patriótico" followed by "Hino da Carta", the same as that of Portugal.
- ^ When Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation in 1949, "Ode to Newfoundland" lost its status as a national anthem. The Canadian province of Newfoundland became the first to adopt a provincial anthem in 1980 when the song was readopted.
- ^ "Naprej, zastava slave" is still used by the Slovenian Armed Forces as its official song.
- ^ Iraq didn't adopt lyrics
Translations and transliterations
- ^ Persian: سرود ملی
- ^ Persian: درود بزرگ
- ^ Pashto: څو چې دا ځمكه آسمان وي
- ^ Pashto: ګرم شه، لا ګرم شه
- ^ Persian: قلعه اسلام قلب اسیا
- ^ Pashto: دا د باتورانو کور
- ^ Persian: سرود ملی
- ^ Pashto: ملی سرود
- ^ Armenian: Ազգային սահմանադրության երգ
- ^ Armenian: Մեր Հայրենիք
- ^ Belarusian: "Ваяцкі марш"
- ^ Serbo-Croatian: "Једна си једина"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Шуми Марица"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Химн на Негово Величество Царя"; transliterated as "Himn na Negovo Velichestvo Tsarya"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Републико наша, здравей!"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Българийо мила"
- ^ Burmese: စံရာတောင်ကျွန်းလုံးသူ့
- ^ Burmese: တို့ဗမာသီချင်း
- ^ Khmer: ដំណើរសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
- ^ Khmer: ដប់ប្រាំពីរមេសាមហាជោគជ័យ
- ^ Khmer: បទចម្រៀងនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាមានិតកម្ពុជា
- ^ Chinese: 李中堂乐
- ^ Chinese: 颂龙旗
- ^ Chinese: 鞏金甌
- ^ Chinese: 五族共和歌
- ^ Chinese: 中國雄立宇宙間
- ^ Chinese: 卿云歌
- ^ Chinese: 國民革命歌
- ^ Chinese: 中華民國國歌
- ^ Chinese:東方紅
- ^ Chinese: 国际歌
- ^ Egyptian Arabic: اسلمى يا مصر
- ^ a b Egyptian Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ^ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ ሆይ ደስ ይበልሽ
- ^ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ
- ^ Georgian: "დიდება"
- ^ Persian: سلام شاه
- ^ Persian: سلامتی دولت علیهٔ ایران
- ^ Persian: سرود ملی
- ^ Persian: ای ایران
- ^ Persian: پاینده بادا ایران
- ^ Iraqi Arabic: أرض الفراتين
- ^ Kazakh: "Оян, Қазақ!"
- ^ Kazakh: "Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік Әнұраны"
- ^ Korean: 대한제국 애국가
- ^ Arabic: السلام الأميري
- ^ Lao: ເພງຊາດລາວ
- ^ Libyan Arabic: لیبیا، لیبیا، لیبیا
- ^ Libyan Arabic: الله أكبر
- ^ Dhivehi:ސަލާމަތީ
- ^ Arabic: نشيد وطني موريتاني
- ^ Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰᠠ (original orthography)
- ^ Mongolian: ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠠᠼᠢᠤᠨᠠᠯ (original orthography)
- ^ Serbian Cyrillic: "Убавој нам Црној Гори"
- ^ Nepali: श्रीमान गम्भीर
- ^ Urdu: ترانہ پاکستان
- ^ Russian: "Коль славенъ"
- ^ Russian: "Молитва русских"
- ^ Russian: "Боже, Царя храни!"
- ^ a b Russian: "Рабочая Марсельеза"
- ^ a b Russian: "Интернационал"
- ^ Russian: "Патриотическая песня"
- ^ Thai: "จอมราชจงเจริญ"
- ^ Thai:"บุหลันลอยเลื่อน"
- ^ Thai: เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี
- ^ Tunisian Arabic: سلام الباي
- ^ Tunisian Arabic: ألا خلّدي
- ^ "Ukrainian: Державний гімн Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки
- ^ Armenian: "Ազատ ու անկախ Արցախ"
- ^ Chechen: Ӏожалла я маршо
- ^ Greek: "Κρητικός Ύμνος"
- ^ Arabic: "النشيد الوطني لإمارة برقة"
- ^ Uyghur: " قۇرتۇلۇش يولیدا"
- ^ Greek: " Ύμνος Ελευθέρας Πολιτείας Ικαρίας"
- ^ Uzbek:ترکستان مختاریتینینگ مدحیهسی
- ^ Russian:Ты, Кубань, Ты наша Родина
- ^ Russian:Гимн Луганской Народной Республики
- ^ Russian:Гимн Луганской Народной Республики
- ^ Kurdish: ئەی ڕەقیب
- ^ Chinese: 滿洲國國歌
- ^ Chinese: 滿洲國國歌
- ^ Greek: "Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν"
- ^ Persian: "انترناسیونال"
- ^ Tamazight: "ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⴰⵖ"
- ^ Arabic: "الريف موطننا"
- ^ Okinawan: "石なぐの歌"
- ^ Serbian: "Боже правде"
- ^ Punjabi:ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ਼ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ
- ^ Russian: "Государственный гимн СССР"
- ^ Arabic: "سوريا يا ذات المجد"
- ^ Tamil: ஏறுதுபார் கொடி
- ^ Tibetan: "བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་གླུ།"
- ^ Tuvan: "Тыва Интернационал"
- ^ Tuvan: "Тооруктуг долгай таңдым"
- ^ Arabic: "والله زمان يا سلاحي"
- ^ Arabic: "تحية ملكية"
- ^ Arabic: "ال وطني"
- ^ Arabic: "إرادة أمة"
- ^ Arabic: "النشيد الوطني لجمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية"
- ^ Arabic: "الجمهورية المتحدة"
- ^ Armenian: "Հայկական ՍՍՀ օրհներգ"
- ^ Azerbaijani: Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасынын Һимни (original orthography)
- ^ Belarusian: "Дзяржаўны гімн БССР"
- ^ Russian: "Чечено-Ингушетия Моя"
- ^ Russian: "Дагестан, ты отчизна святая"
- ^ Georgian: "საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი"
- ^ Arabic: "لبنان لا تخشَ العدا"
- ^ Chinese: 天佑女王
- ^ Russian "Гимн Камчатская область"
- ^ Kazakh: "Қазақ Советтiк Социалистік Республикасының мемлекеттік әнұраны"
- ^ Russian: "Моя Хакасия"
- ^ Kirghiz: "Кыргыз ССР Мамлекеттик Гимни"
- ^ Russian: "От края и до края"
- ^ Macedonian: "Марш на македонските револуционери"
- ^ Romanian: "Имнул де Стат ал РСС Молдовенешть" (original orthography)
- ^ Kannada: "ಕಾಯೌ ಶ್ರೀ ಗೌರಿ"
- ^ Melayu:"Willem dari Nassou"
- ^ Serbian: "Боже правде"
- ^ Tajik: "Гимни Республикаи Советии Сотсиалистии Тоҷикистон"
- ^ Malayalam: "വഞ്ചി ഭൂമി"
- ^ "Ukrainian: Державний гімн Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки
- ^ "Uzbek: Ўзбекистон Совет Социалист Республикасининг давлат мадҳияси (original orthography)
References
- General
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson (2006-10-28). National Anthems of the World. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36826-1.
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson. "History of anthems". Archived from the original on 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- Hang, Xing (2003-09-28). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4847-3.
- Leonard, Hal (1996-01-01). National Anthems from Around the World. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-7935-6079-9.
- Sousa, John Philip (1890). National, patriotic and typical airs of all lands: with copious notes. H. Coleman.
- "nationalanthems.info". Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- Specific
- ^ a b Bristow. "Afghanistan National Anthem (1943–1973)". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ a b c d e f Jones, David Wyn (2009). Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 120.
- ^ "History of Chinese national anthems in a hundred years". People's Daily (in Chinese). Chinese Communist Party. Archived from the original on 2018-11-29. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Arabic: سلام أفندينا
- ^ a b "Egypt (to 1958)". nationalanthems.info. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ^ "The social and cultural conception of Mustafa Sadiq Alrafii". Asian and African Studies. 13. Jerusalem Academic Press: 101–129. 1979. ISSN 0066-8281.
- ^ Arabic: يسسالام الجمهوري المصري
- ^ a b c d e f g h Schaffer, Edward; Scotland, Jan; Popp, Reinhard (2017). "Iraq (1958–1965, 2003–2004)". NationalAnthems.info. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Wetzel, Dan (August 24, 2004). "One last chance". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo!. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
The song is 'My Country.' It is relatively short, contains no words and was composed by a man named Lewis Zanbaka...
- ^ "Iraq (1965–1981)". www.nationalanthems.info.
- ^ "History Ireland". historyireland.com. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
- ^ official anthem of the National Fascist Party
- ^ "National anthem". Kuwait Info. Government of Kuwait. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ a b c Historia de los himnos nacionales (Video) (in Spanish). Nicaragua Educa. 2016-09-12. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2021-09-20.
- ^ "Nigeria's new anthem, written by a Briton, sparks criticism after a contentious law is passed". Associated Press. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ Bristow. "Rhodesia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Chelaru, Carmen (2018). "Romanian national anthems, historical, stylistic and aesthetic considerations". Artes. Journal of Musicology. 18 (1): 207–229. doi:10.2478/ajm-2018-0013. ISSN 2558-8532.
- ^ a b c d Bristow. "Romania". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Petru Bălan, Cristian (2008). Imnurile de stat ale ţărilor din Uniunea Europeană (in Romanian). Cristian Balan. p. 112. ISBN 978-9737400949.
- ^ Bristow. "Russian Federation". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Unofficial usage reported with no legal recognition
- ^ a b c "South Africa Will Play Two Anthems Hereafter". The New York Times. New York. 3 June 1938. p. 10. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ "National anthem". Government of South Africa. Archived from the original on 2013-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ a b c Bristow. "South Africa". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "The 10... most preposterous opening ceremonies". The Observer. London: Guardian News and Media. 2004-01-18. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Kreis, Georg (1991). Der Mythos von 1291. Zur Entstehung des schweizerischen Nationalfeiertages. Basel: F. Reinhardt. pp. 67–69.
- ^ Snyder, Lois Leo (1990). Encyclopedia of Nationalism. Paragon House. p. 13. ISBN 1-55778-167-2.
- ^ Barton, Laura (2009-01-23). "Hail, Hail, Rock'n'Roll". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Tourism Signs & Symbols (English version). World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 2002-01-01. doi:10.18111/9789284403783. ISBN 978-92-844-0378-3.
- ^ Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 1–92. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14393-9_1. ISBN 978-3-642-11787-9.
- ^ group=note
- ^ "Civil War Music: God Save the South". Washington, D.C.: Civil War Trust. Archived from the original on 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ^ Sacks, Howard L.; Sacks, Judith (1993). Way up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate Anthem. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-252-07160-3.
- ^ McDougall, Bonnie S. (1984). Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China, 1949–1979. University of California Press. pp. 113–114. ISBN 9780520301917. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ^ Sousa 1890, p. 180
- ^ "Timeline: after Milosevic". BBC News. London. 2006-06-06. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Sousa 1890, p. 253
- ^ Bristow. "Yugoslavia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.