History of rugby union matches between Canada and the United States

Canada and the United States have an international rivalry in rugby union dating back to 1977. Historically, Canada have dominated the rivalry. However, between 2014 and 2024 the United States secured victory in 13 of 15 encounters, a concentration of victories that surpassed their total number of tests wins in the preceding 37 years. Canada won the latest matchup 34–20 in the opener of the 2025 Pacific Nations Cup.[1]

The first ever match occurred in 1977 at Swangard Stadium in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Canada won the match 17–6.[2] The United States' first win came the following year in Baltimore, Maryland, winning 12–7.[3]

From 2013 to 2015 and in 2019, Canada and the United States played every June in the tournament now known as the Pacific Nations Cup (PNC), along with Japan, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.[4] The 2024 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup saw the return of both the United States and Canada.[4]

Defunct tournaments

In 1996, Canada and United States played in the Pacific-Rim Championship along with Hong Kong and Japan.[4] The 1999 edition saw the addition of Fiji, Samoa and Tonga.[4] The tournament folded in 2001.[4] Alongside the Pacific-Rim Championship, the sides also competed in the Pan-American Championship until 2003.

In 2003 the Super Cup formed and was contested between Japan, Russia and the United States. In 2004 they were joined by Canada. The tournament was only contested for 3 years as it folded in 2005 with Canada the final champions. In 2003, the Churchill Cup began a tournament in which Canada and the United States would play A sides from Europe and the Southern Hemisphere. The tournament folded in 2011 prior to the 2011 Rugby World Cup.[5]

Between 2016 and 2019, the two countries have played in the Americas Rugby Championship (ARC) alongside the senior teams of Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, plus Argentina's second national side, Argentina XV.

Summary

Overview

Details Played Won by
 Canada 		Won by
 United States 		Drawn Canada points United States points
In Canada 36 26 9 1 874 618
In United States 26 10 15 1 514 520
Neutral venue 5 4 1 0 159 108
Overall 67 40 25 2 1,547 1,246

Results

No. Date Venue Score Winner Competition Attendance Ref.
1 21 May 1977 Swangard Stadium, Burnaby, British Columbia 17–6  Canada 1977 United States tour of Canada 6,000 [2][6][7]
2 28 May 1978 Memorial Stadium, Baltimore, Maryland 12–7  United States 1978 Canada tour of the United States [3][6]
3 9 June 1979 Varsity Stadium, Toronto, Ontario 19–12  Canada 1979 United States tour of Canada [8][9]
4 8 June 1980 Saranac Lake Park, New York 0–16  Canada 1980 Canada tour of the United States [10]
5 6 June 1981 Kingsland, Calgary, Alberta 6–3  Canada 1981 United States tour of Canada [11]
6 12 June 1982 Bleecker Stadium, New York 3–3 draw 1982 Canada tour of the United States [12]
7 11 June 1983 Swangard Stadium, Burnaby, British Columbia 15–9  Canada 1983 United States tour of Canada [13]
8 9 June 1984 Rockne Stadium, Chicago, Illinois 21–13  United States 1984 Canada tour of the United States [14]
9 16 November 1985 Thunderbird Stadium, Vancouver, British Columbia 21–10  Canada 1985 United States tour of Canada [15]
10 8 November 1986 Arizona Stadium, Tucson, Arizona 16–27  Canada 1986 Canada tour of the United States 4,500 [16]
11 10 May 1987 Thunderbird Stadium, Vancouver, British Columbia 33–9  Canada 1987 United States tour of Canada I [17]
12 14 November 1987 Royal Athletic Park, Victoria, British Columbia 20–12  Canada 1987 United States tour of Canada II [18]
13 11 June 1988 Saranac Lake Park, New York 28–16  United States 1988 Canada tour of the United States [19]
14 23 September 1989 Varsity Stadium, Toronto, Ontario 21–3  Canada 1991 Rugby World Cup Qualification [20]
15 9 June 1990 Chief Sealth, Seattle, Washington 14–12  United States [21]
16 8 June 1991 Kingsland, Calgary, Alberta 34–15  Canada 1991 United States tour of Canada [22]
17 13 June 1992 Observatory Park, Denver, Colorado 9–32  Canada 1992 Canada tour of the United States [23]
18 19 June 1993 Winnipeg, Manitoba 20–9  Canada 1993 United States tour of Canada [24]
19 21 May 1994 George Allen Field, Long Beach, California 10–15  Canada 1994 Canada tour of the United States [25]
20 9 September 1995 Fletcher's Fields, Markham, Ontario 14–15  United States 1995 United States tour of Canada [26]
21 11 May 1996 Boxer Stadium, San Francisco, California 19–12  United States 1996 Pacific-Rim Championship 3,500 [27]
22 18 May 1996 Thunderbird Stadium, Vancouver, British Columbia 24–20  Canada [28][29]
23 18 September 1996 Mohawk Sports Park, Hamilton, Ontario 23–18  Canada 1996 Pan-American Championship [30][31]
24 10 May 1997 Thunderbird Stadium, Vancouver, British Columbia 53–12  Canada 1997 Pacific-Rim Championship 5,000 [32]
25 28 June 1997 Boxer Stadium, San Francisco, California 11–22  Canada 1,800 [33]
26 23 May 1998 Thunderbird Stadium, Vancouver, British Columbia 17–15  Canada 1998 Pacific-Rim Championship [34][35]
27 6 June 1998 Burlington, Vermont 3–37  Canada 4,300 [36]
28 18 August 1998 Club Atlético San Isidro, Buenos Aires (Argentina) 31–14  Canada 1998 Pan-American Championship 3,000 [37]
29 19 June 1999 Fletcher's Fields, Markham, Ontario 17–18  United States 1999 Pacific-Rim Championship 4,500 [38]
30 3 June 2000 Singer Family Park, Manchester, New Hampshire 34–25  United States 2000 Pacific-Rim Championship [39]
31 19 May 2001 Richardson Memorial Stadium, Kingston, Ontario 19–10  Canada 2001 Pan-American Championship 7,155 [40]
32 29 June 2002 Fletcher's Fields, Marrkham, Ontario 26–9  Canada 2003 Rugby World Cup Qualification 2,200 [41][42]
33 13 July 2002 Rockne Stadium, Chicago, Illinois 13–36  Canada 2,500 [43][44]
34 18 June 2003 Thunderbird Stadium, Vancouver, British Columbia 11–16  United States 2003 Churchill Cup 3,200 [45][46]
35 27 August 2003 José Amalfitani Stadium, Buenos Aires (Argentina) 20–35  United States 2003 Pan-American Championship [47][48]
36 27 May 2004 National Olympic Stadium, Tokyo (Japan) 23–20  Canada 2004 Super Cup 3,500 [49][50]
37 19 June 2004 Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton, Alberta 32–29  Canada 2004 Churchill Cup 5,000 [51][52]
38 25 May 2005 National Olympic Stadium, Tokyo (Japan) 30–26  Canada 2005 Super Cup [53]
39 26 June 2005 Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton, Alberta 19–20  United States 2005 Churchill Cup 15,000 [54]
40 17 June 2006 Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton, Alberta 33–18  Canada 2006 Churchill Cup [55]
41 12 August 2006 Swilers Rugby Park, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador 56–7  Canada 2007 Rugby World Cup Qualification 5,000 [56][57]
42 2 June 2007 Twickenham Stadium, London (England) 52–10  Canada 2007 Churchill Cup [58]
43 21 June 2008 Toyota Park, Bridgeview, Illinois 10–26  Canada 2008 Churchill Cup [59]
44 4 July 2009 Blackbaud Stadium, Charleston, South Carolina 12–6  United States 2011 Rugby World Cup Qualification 3,836 [60][61]
45 11 July 2009 Ellerslie Rugby Park, Edmonton, Alberta 41–18  Canada [62]
46 6 August 2011 BMO Field, Toronto, Ontario 28–22  Canada 2011 Rugby World Cup warm-up match 10,621 [63][64]
47 13 August 2011 Infinity Park, Glendale, Colorado 7–27  Canada 5,000 [65][66][67]
48 9 June 2012 Richardson Memorial Stadium, Kingston, Ontario 28–25  Canada 2012 Summer International 7,521 [68][69]
49 25 May 2013 Ellerslie Rugby Park, Edmonton, Alberta 16–9  Canada 2013 Pacific Nations Cup 3,526 [70]
50 17 August 2013 Blackbaud Stadium, Charleston, South Carolina 9–27  Canada 2015 Rugby World Cup Qualification 5,258 [71]
51 24 August 2013 BMO Field, Toronto, Ontario 13–11  Canada 10,207 [72]
52 21 June 2014 Cal Expo Facility, Sacramento, California 38–35  United States 2014 Pacific Nations Cup 7,804 [73][74][75]
53 3 August 2015 Swangard Stadium, Burnaby, British Columbia 15–13  United States 2015 Pacific Nations Cup [76]
54 22 August 2015 Twin Elm Rugby Park, Ottawa, Ontario 23–41  United States 2015 Rugby World Cup warm-up match 5,168 [77][78]
55 13 February 2016 Dell Diamond, Round Rock, Texas 30–22  United States 2016 Americas Rugby Championship 7,415 [79][80]
56 18 February 2017 Swangard Stadium, Burnaby, British Columbia 34–51  United States 2017 Americas Rugby Championship 3,416 [81]
57 24 June 2017 Tim Hortons Field, Hamilton, Ontario 28–28 draw 2019 Rugby World Cup Qualification 13,187 [82][83]
58 1 July 2017 Torero Stadium, San Diego, California 52–16  United States [84][85][86]
59 10 February 2018 Papa Murphy's Park, Sacramento, California 29–10  United States 2018 Americas Rugby Championship [87][88][89]
60 23 June 2018 Wanderers Grounds, Halifax, Nova Scotia 17–42  United States 2018 Summer International 6,213 [90][91]
61 8 March 2019 Starfire Sports, Tukwila, Washington 30–25  United States 2019 Americas Rugby Championship [92][93][94]
62 27 July 2019 Infinity Park, Glendale, Colorado 47–19  United States 2019 Pacific Nations Cup 5,000 [95][96][97]
63 7 September 2019 BC Place, Vancouver, British Columbia 15–20  United States 2019 Rugby World Cup warm-up match [98][99]
64 4 September 2021 Swiler's Rugby Park, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador 34–21  Canada 2023 Rugby World Cup Qualification [100][101]
65 11 September 2021 Infinity Park, Glendale, Colorado 38–16  United States [102][103]
66 31 August 2024 Dignity Health Sports Park, Los Angeles, California 28–15  United States 2024 Pacific Nations Cup [104][105][106]
67 22 August 2025 McMahon Stadium, Calgary, Alberta 34–20  Canada 2025 Pacific Nations Cup/2027 RWC qualification 11,587 [1][107][108]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Ardron's Record-Tying Four Tries Lead Canada Past USA in Pacific Nations Cup Opener". Rugby CA. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  2. ^ a b "Canada 17–6 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b "United States 12–7 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e "WR Announces New Comp for US, Canada, Japan, Pacific Teams". Goff Rugby Report. 24 October 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  5. ^ Final bow for Churchill Cup
  6. ^ a b Rothmans Rugby Yearbook 1979–80. Queen Anne Press. 1979. p. 56. ISBN 978-0354090872.
  7. ^ "Canada overpowers U.S.". Times Colonist. Burnaby: Glacier Media. 22 May 1977. p. 15.
  8. ^ "Canada 19–12 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  9. ^ Vivian Jenkins, ed. (1980). Rothmans Rugby Yearbook 1980–81. Queen Anne Press. p. 56. ISBN 0362020183.
  10. ^ "United States 0–16 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Canada 6–3 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  12. ^ "United States 3–3 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Canada 15–9 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  14. ^ "United States 21–13 | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  15. ^ "Canada 21–10 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  16. ^ "United States 16–27 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Canada 33–9 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  18. ^ "Canada 20–12 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  19. ^ "United States 28–16 | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  20. ^ "Canada 21–3 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  21. ^ "United States 14–12 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  22. ^ "Canada 34–15 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  23. ^ "United States 9–32 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  24. ^ "Canada 20–9United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  25. ^ "United States 10–15 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  26. ^ "Canada 14–15 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Pacific-Rim Championship – San Francisco, 11 May 1996". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  28. ^ "Canadian rugby rally sinks U.S." SF Gate. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  29. ^ "Canada 24–20 United States". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Canada 23–18 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  31. ^ "Canada vs United States 1996". Rays Rugby. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  32. ^ "Canada 53–12 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Pacific-Rim Championship – San Francisco, 7 June 1997". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  34. ^ "Canada 17–15 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  35. ^ "Canada vs USA in Pacific Rim Rugby Championship series game". United Press International. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  36. ^ "United States 3–37 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  37. ^ "Canada 31–14 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  38. ^ "Canada 17–18 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  39. ^ "United States 34–25 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  40. ^ "Canada 19–10 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  41. ^ "Canada 26–9 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  42. ^ "United States 9–26 Canada | Planet Rugby Match Report". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 15 June 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  43. ^ "United States 13–36 Canada | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  44. ^ "United States 13–36 Canada | Planet Rugby Match Report". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 14 June 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  45. ^ "Canada 11–16 United States | ESPNscrum". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  46. ^ "United States 16–11 Canada | Planet Rugby Match Report". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  47. ^ "Canada (6) 20 - 35 (20) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  48. ^ "Canada 20–35 United States | Planet Rugby Match Report". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 16 August 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  49. ^ "Canada (23) 23 - 20 (13) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  50. ^ "United States Canada". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 16 August 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  51. ^ "Canada (8) 32 - 29 (7) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  52. ^ "United States Canada". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 22 September 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  53. ^ "Canada (10) 30 - 26 (6) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Canada (6) 19 - 20 (10) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  55. ^ "Canada (13) 33 - 18 (6) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  56. ^ "U.S. rugby roughed up by Cup qualifying Canada". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  57. ^ "Canada (27) 56 - 7 (0) United States of America (FT)". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  58. ^ "Canada (24) 52 - 10 (5) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  59. ^ "United States of America (10) 10 - 26 (0) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  60. ^ "United States of America (6) 12 - 6 (6) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  61. ^ "Hercus kicks Eagles to victory". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  62. ^ "Canada (24) 41 - 18 (0) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  63. ^ "Canada too good for USA". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  64. ^ "Canada (10) 28 - 22 (15) United States of America (FT)". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  65. ^ "Canada make it two from two". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  66. ^ "United States of America (7) 7 - 27 (10) Canada (FT)". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  67. ^ "RWC 2011 Warm Ups". Rugby Unplugged. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  68. ^ "Canada (20) 28 - 25 (18) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  69. ^ "Eagles fall to Canada in opener". USA Rugby. 9 June 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  70. ^ "Canada (10) 16 - 9 (3) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  71. ^ "United States of America (0) 9 - 27 (13) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  72. ^ "Canada (8) 13 - 11 (8) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  73. ^ "U.S. rugby mounts comeback victory over Canada". Sportsnet. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  74. ^ "USA claim first victory over Canada since 2009". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  75. ^ "United States of America (18) 38 - 35 (28) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  76. ^ "Canada (3) 13 - 15 (12) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  77. ^ "USA get the better of Canada". Planet Rugby. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  78. ^ "Canada (6) 23 - 41 (17) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  79. ^ "United States of America (10) 30 - 22 (12) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  80. ^ "Eagles' captain Todd Clever hat-trick powers USA over Canada". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  81. ^ "Record-setting win for USA over Canada". Americas Rugby News. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  82. ^ "Canada and USA scrap to draw in Hamilton". Americas Rugby News. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  83. ^ "Canada (15) 28 - 28 (21) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  84. ^ "United States of America (19) 52 - 16 (9) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  85. ^ "USA rout Canada, earn World Cup spot". americas rugby news. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  86. ^ "Clever Eagles off to RWC after win over Canada". USA Rugby. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  87. ^ "United States of America (14) 29 - 10 (7) Canada (FT)". espnscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  88. ^ "Dominant second half sees USA defeat Canada". ESPNscrum. 11 February 2018. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  89. ^ "Men's Eagles Move to 2-0 with Win Over Rival Canada". USA Rugby. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  90. ^ "Canada (3) 17 - 42 (13) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  91. ^ "Eagles overpower Canada in Halifax". americas rugby news. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  92. ^ "United States of America (15) 30 - 25 (12) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  93. ^ "Eagles escape as Canada nearly earn upset". americas rugby news. 9 March 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  94. ^ "Men's Eagles defeat rival-Canada in thrilling finale to Americas Rugby Championship 2019". USA Rugby. 9 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  95. ^ "Men's Eagles race past Canada to open Pacific Nations Cup". USA Rugby. 27 July 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  96. ^ "United States of America (20) 47 - 19 (0) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  97. ^ "Eagles fly high above Canada". americas rugby news. 28 July 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  98. ^ "Canada (12) 15 - 20 (10) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  99. ^ "USA edge Canada in North American battle". americas rugby news. 8 September 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  100. ^ "Canada (10) 34 - 21 (14) United States of America (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  101. ^ "Inspired Canada send USA reeling in St. John's". americas rugby news. 4 September 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  102. ^ "Men's Eagles defeat Canada to become No. 1 seed for Rugby Americas North". USA Rugby. 12 September 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  103. ^ "United States of America (25) 38 - 16 (9) Canada (FT)". ESPNscrum. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  104. ^ "USA outplay Canada in sloppy PNC encounter". americas rugby news. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  105. ^ "Canada's Men's Rugby Team loses to the USA in Los Angeles". Rugby CA. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  106. ^ "USA Holds Off Canada as Mooneyham Nabs Brace". Goff Rugby Report. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  107. ^ "Canada's Tyler Ardron explains reasons for shock Test return". RugbyPass. Archived from the original on August 23, 2025. Retrieved August 23, 2025. Over 10,000 tickets have been sold for the Eagles match, with Ardron's 'adopted' family – the Hasslers – among the crowd. Ex-Canada wing Jeff Hassler, Ardron's former teammate and housemate from their time together at Ospreys, was born in Calgary.
  108. ^ "Ardron scores 4 tries as Canada beats the US, Tonga tops Samoa in the Pacific Nations Cup". Toronto Star. August 23, 2025. Archived from the original on August 23, 2025. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rugby_union_matches_between_Canada_and_the_United_States