List of historical earthquakes
This is a list of historical earthquakes.
Historical earthquakes are significant earthquakes that occurred before the early 20th century. These events are primarily documented through written sources, observations of shaking objects or animal behavior,[1] religious beliefs (e.g., "God's punishment")[2] or palaeoseismological techniques. Due to the lack of instrumental recordings, there is often significant uncertainty in the locations, magnitudes, and dates of these earthquakes. The number of fatalities is also often uncertain, especially for older events.
Unless otherwise noted, times are local time and magnitudes use the moment magnitude scale (Mw ).
Pre-11th century
| Date | Time | Event | Magnitude | Fatalities | Location | Comments | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 BCE | Jishi Gorge outburst flood | Flood caused by landslide triggered by earthquake | [3] | ||||
| 1740 BCE | Mount Tai earthquake | "Bamboo Annals" [4][5]
| |||||
| 479 BCE | 479 BC Potidaea earthquake | 7.0 Ms | Earthquake followed by a sea withdrawal and large wave (likely a tsunami) that reportedly drowned Persian soldiers during the siege of Potidaea | [6] | |||
| 464 BCE | 464 BC Sparta earthquake | 7.2 Ms | up to 20,000 | Led to helot uprising and strained relations with Athens as a factor in the Peloponnesian War | [7] | ||
| 373 BCE | Resulting tsunami destroyed the city of Helike | [8] | |||||
| 226 BCE | 226 BC Rhodes earthquake | Destroyed the Colossus of Rhodes, city of Kameiros | [9] | ||||
| 60 BCE | 8.5 | Caused tsunami | [10] | ||||
| 17 CE | At night | AD 17 Lydia earthquake | Destroyed 13 cities in Asia Minor | Tacitus and Pliny the Elder | |||
| 13 December 115 CE | 115 Antioch earthquake | 7.5 Ms | ~260,000 | [11] | |||
| 29 April 801 CE | 801 Apennine earthquake | 5.4 Me | Rome greatly damaged; also felt in Spoleto | [12] | |||
| 24 November 847 CE | 847 Damascus earthquake | 7.3 Mw | 70,000 | [13][14] | |||
| December 856 CE | 45,000 | [14][15] | |||||
| 22 December 856 CE | 856 Damghan earthquake | 7.9 Ms | 200,000 | City of Qumis (Hecatompylos) partially destroyed with 45,096 casualties reported; aftershocks continued for about one year | [14][16] | ||
| 13 July 869 CE | 869 Jōgan earthquake | 8.6–9.0 | ~1,000 | [17][18] | |||
| 23 March 893 CE | 893 Ardabil earthquake | 5.3–6.0 | 150,000 | Regarded as "fake earthquake" due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event (below) | [19] | ||
| 28 December 893 CE | 00:00 (midnight) | 893 Dvin earthquake | 5.3–6.0 or ≥7.0 | 30,000 | Later wrongly located in India | [20] |
11th–16th centuries
| Date | Time | Event | Magnitude | Fatalities | Location | Comments | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 1033 | 1033 Jordan Valley earthquake | 7.3 | 70,000 | Caused tsunami | [21] | ||
| December 1037 | 22,391 | [22][23] | |||||
| August 12, 1042 | 7.2 | 50,000 | [13][14] | ||||
| March 18, 1068 | 1068 Near East earthquake | 7.0+ | 20,000 | [24][25] | |||
| October 11, 1138 | 1138 Aleppo earthquake | 7.1 | 230,000 | [13][26] | |||
| September 30, 1139 | 1139 Ganja earthquake | 7.7 MLH | 230,000–300,000 | Resulted in total destruction of Ganja | [27] | ||
| August 12, 1157 | 08:15 | 1157 Hama earthquake | 7.4 Ms | 8,000 | Largest in sequence of earthquakes from late 1156 to early 1159 | [13][26][28] | |
| February 4, 1169 | 1169 Sicily earthquake | 7.3 Ms | 15,000 | [29] | |||
| June 29, 1170 | 06:29 | 1170 Syria earthquake | 7.7 | 30,000-105,000 | 5,000–80,000 in Aleppo[30]; 25,000 in Hama | Numerous Crusader-era sources[26][28] | |
| July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202 | 1202 Syria earthquake | 7.6 Ms | 1,100,000 | Fatalities include deaths from subsequent famine and disease | |||
| May 11, 1222 | 06:15 | 1222 Cyprus earthquake | 7.0–7.5 | Damage in Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia | [31] | ||
| 1269 | 1269 Cilicia earthquake | 7.22±0.46 | 60,000 | ||||
| September 27, 1290 | 1290 Zhili earthquake | 6.8 Ms | 100,000 | [32] | |||
| May 26, 1293 | 1293 Kamakura earthquake | 7.1 | 23,024 | [33] | |||
| August 8, 1303 | 06:00 | 1303 Crete earthquake | 8 | ≤10,000 | Resulting tsunami devastated Alexandria, Egypt | [34] | |
| September 25, 1303 | 1303 Hongdong earthquake | 7.2–7.6 | 170,000, 200,000+, or 270,000[35][36] | Destroyed Taiyuan and Pingyang | [37] | ||
| January 1, 1341 | 6 | [38] | |||||
| January 25, 1348 | 15:00 | 1348 Friuli earthquake | 6.63±0.10 | 10,000 | [14] | ||
| August 24, 1356 | 1356 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5 | [39][40] | ||||
| October 18, 1356 | 1356 Basel earthquake | 6.0–7.1 | 1,000 | [41] | |||
| May 21, 1382 | 1382 Dover Straits earthquake | 6.0 Ms | "Earthquake Synod" that struck during synod called to condemn heresy of John Wycliffe with some viewing event as portentous | [42][43] | |||
| February 2, 1428 | 1428 Catalonia earthquake | 6.7 Me | "thousands" | Sometimes called "terratrèmol de la candelera" because it took place during Candlemas | [14][44][45] | ||
| December 5 & 30, 1456 | 1456 Central Italy earthquakes | 7.2 | 30,000–70,000 | Largest and most widespread earthquake on Italian Peninsula with another 7.0 shock on December 30 | |||
| May 3, 1481 | 03:00 | 1481 Rhodes earthquake | 7.1 Ms | 30,000 | Largest in series of earthquakes that lasted 10 months | [46] | |
| September 20, 1498 | 08:00 | 1498 Meiō earthquake | 8.6 Ms | 31,000 | [47] | ||
| June 6, 1505 | 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake | 8.2–8.8 | Killed approximately 30% of Nepalese population[48] | ||||
| September 10, 1509 | 22:00 | 1509 Constantinople earthquake | 7.2±0.3 Ms | 10,000 | [49] | ||
| January 26, 1531 | 04:00 | 1531 Lisbon earthquake | 6.4–7.1 | 30,000 | [50] | ||
| 1548 | 1548 Bengal earthquake | 7.1+ | Felt over large area with water and mud ejected from ground due to liquefaction causing extensive damage | [51] | |||
| January 23, 1556 | 1556 Shaanxi earthquake | 7.0-8.0 | 830,000+ | Deadliest earthquake in recorded history | USGS | ||
| November 16–17, 1570 | 03:00 | 1570 Ferrara earthquake | 5.5 MI | 171 | Azariah de Rossi's "Kol Elohim"[14][52] | ||
| December 16, 1575 | 14:30 | 1575 Valdivia earthquake | 8.5 Ms | [14][53] | |||
| June 11, 1585 | 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake | 9.25 | Moderate tsunami struck Sanriku coast of Japan on June 11; Hawaiian oral traditions report deaths after tsunami-like event; paleotsunami evidence in Hawaiian Islands consistent with large 16th-century tsunami with modelling of 9.25 Aleutian Islands earthquake | [54] | |||
| January 18, 1586 | 23:00 | 1586 Tenshō earthquake | 7.9 MJMA | 8,000 | Caused tsunami | [55] |
17th century
| Date | Time | Event | Magnitude | Fatalities | Location | Comments | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 24, 1604 | 13:30 | 1604 Arica earthquake | 8.7–9.0 | 100+ | Created large tsunami that caused widespread damage to Southern Peru | [56] | |
| February 3, 1605 | 20:00 | 1605 Keichō earthquake | 7.9 Ms | "thousands" | [57] | ||
| July 13, 1605 | 1605 Guangdong earthquake | 7.5 Ms | "several thousand" | [58] | |||
| December 11, 1611 | 10:30 | 1611 Sanriku earthquake | 8.1 Ms | 5,000 | [59] | ||
| October 25, 1622 | 1622 North Guyuan earthquake | 7.0 Ms | 12,000 | [60] | |||
| May 11, 1624 | 03:00–04:00 | 1624 Fez earthquake | 6.0 | "thousands" | [61] | ||
| August 1, 1629 | 1629 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.2-8.8 | 0 | [62] | |||
| March 27, 1638 | 1638 Calabrian earthquakes | 7.1 | 9,581–30,000 | Sequence of four earthquakes | [63] | ||
| February 5, 1641 | At night | 1641 Tabriz earthquake | 6.8 Ms | 12,613–30,000 | |||
| February 5, 1663 | 17:30 | 1663 Charlevoix earthquake | 7.3–7.9 | 0 | Landslides were most significant feature | [64] | |
| April 6, 1667 | 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake | 7.2 | 3,000 | [65] | |||
| November 25, 1667 | 1667 Shamakhi earthquake | 6.9 Ms | 80,000 | [32] | |||
| July 25, 1668 | 1668 Shandong earthquake | 8.5 | 42,578 | Largest recorded earthquake in East China | [66] | ||
| August 17, 1668 | 1668 North Anatolia earthquake | 8 | 8,000 | Largest recorded earthquake in Turkey | USGS | ||
| February 17, 1674 | 19:30 | 1674 Ambon earthquake and megatsunami | 6.8 | 2,347 | Tsunami up to 100 meters high; first and largest documented tsunami in Indonesia | ||
| November 4, 1677 | 20:00 | 1677 Bōsō earthquake | 8.3–8.6 | 569 | [67] | ||
| October 20, 1687 | 11:30 | 1687 Peru earthquake | 8.2 | 5,000 | [14] | ||
| June 5, 1688 | 1688 Sannio earthquake | 7 | 10,000 | Destroyed Cerreto Sannita and Guardia Sanframondi, heavily damaged Benevento | [68] | ||
| September 13, 1692 | 11:00 | 1692 Salta earthquake | 7.0 | 13 | Destroyed village of Talavera del Esteco | [69] | |
| June 7, 1692 | 11:43 | 1692 Jamaica earthquake | 7 | 2,000+ | [70][71] | ||
| January 11, 1693 | 1693 Sicily earthquake | 7.5 | 60,000 | ||||
| September 5, 1694 | 11:40 | 1694 Irpinia–Basilicata earthquake | 6.9 | 6,000 | [72] | ||
| May 18, 1695 | 12:00 | 1695 Linfen earthquake | 7.8 | 52,600–176,365 | [73] | ||
| January 5, 1699 | Early morning | 1699 Java earthquake | 7.4–8.0 | 128+ |
18th century
| Date | Time | Event | Magnitude | Fatalities | Location | Comments | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 26, 1700 | 21:00 | 1700 Cascadia earthquake | 8.7–9.2 | Source of "Orphan Tsunami" which struck Japan hours later (Satake et al., 1996) | USGS | ||
| January 14, 1703 | 18:00 UTC | 1703 Norcia earthquake | 6.7 ML | 6,240–9,761 | First of three 1703 Apennine earthquakes | [14][74] | |
| January 16, 1703 | 13:30 UTC | 1703 Montereale earthquake | 6.2 ML | Second of three 1703 Apennine earthquakes | [14][74] | ||
| February 2, 1703 | 11:05 UTC | 1703 L'Aquila earthquake | 6.7 ML | 2,500–5,000 | Third of three 1703 Apennine earthquakes | [14][74] | |
| December 31, 1703 | 02:00 | 1703 Genroku earthquake | 8.2 Ms | 5,233–200,000 | Caused major tsunami | [75] | |
| November 3, 1706 | 13:00 | 1706 Abruzzo earthquake | 6.6–6.84 | 2,400 | Also known as the Maiella earthquake | [75] | |
| October 28, 1707 | 13:45 | 1707 Hōei earthquake | 8.6 ML | 4,900–21,000 | Caused major tsunami | [76] | |
| October 14, 1709 | Morning | 1709 Zhongwei earthquake | 7.5 Ms | 2,032 | [77][78] | ||
| February 3, 1716 | 1716 Algiers earthquake | 7.0 Mw | 20,000 | Largest of a seismic sequence which began in February and ended in May 1716 | |||
| June 19, 1718 | 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake | 7.5 Ms | 73,000 | [79] | |||
| April 26, 1721 | 1721 Tabriz earthquake | 7.7 Ms | 8,000–250,000 | [75] | |||
| July 8, 1730 | 08:45 | 1730 Valparaíso earthquake | 9.1–9.3 | Caused major tsunami | [80] | ||
| September 30, 1730 | 10:00 | 1730 Haidian earthquake | 6.5 | [81][82] | |||
| November 29, 1732 | 08:40 | 1732 Irpinia earthquake | 6.6 | 1,940 | [83] | ||
| October 17, 1737 | 03:00 | 1737 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0–9.3 | "many" | Caused major tsunami | [84][85] | |
| January 3, 1739 | 18:00 UTC | 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake | 7.1–7.6 | 50,000 | |||
| October 28, 1746 | 22:30 | 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake | 8.6–8.8 | 5,941 | [86] | ||
| May 25, 1751 | 01:00 | 1751 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 | ~65 | Caused major tsunami | USGS | |
| June 7, 1755 | 1755 Kashan earthquake | 5.9 | 1,200-40,000 | [82][87][88] | |||
| November 1, 1755 | 10:16 | 1755 Lisbon earthquake | 7.7–9.0 | 40,000-50,000 | Also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake; caused major tsunami | USGS | |
| November 18, 1755 | 04:30 | 1755 Cape Ann earthquake | 5.9 | 0 | Largest earthquake in Massachusetts history | [89][90] | |
| November 27, 1755 | 1755 Meknes earthquake | 6.5–7.0 | 15,000 | [91][92] | |||
| October 30, 1759 | 04:00 | 1759 Near East earthquakes | 6.6 Ms | 2,000 | First of two 1759 Near East earthquakes; considered a foreshock of November, 25, 1759 event (below) | [13] | |
| November 25, 1759 | 19:30 | 1759 Near East earthquakes | 7.4 Ms | ≤20,000 | Second of two 1759 Near East earthquakes | [13] | |
| March 31, 1761 | 12:01 | 1761 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5 Ms | 25 | Caused tsunami | ||
| April 2, 1762 | 17:00 | 1762 Arakan earthquake | 8.5–8.8 | 200+ | Caused tsunami | [94] | |
| June 28, 1763 | 05:28 | 1763 Komárom earthquake | 6.2–6.5 | 83 | [95] | ||
| May 22, 1766 | 05:10 | 1766 Istanbul earthquake | 7.1 Ms | 4,000 | [96] | ||
| October 21, 1766 | 04:30 | 1766 Southeastern Caribbean earthquake | 6.5–7.5 Ms | Destroyed Spanish colonial capital of San Jose, Trinidad (now St. Joseph) | [97][98] | ||
| June 3, 1770 | 19:15 | 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake | 7.5 | 250+ | Caused tsunami | [99] | |
| July 29, 1773 | 1773 Guatemala earthquake | 7.5 Mi | 500–600 | ||||
| December 15, 1778 | Just before dawn | 1778 Kashan earthquake | 6.2 Ms | >8,000 | [100] | ||
| January 8, 1780 | 1780 Tabriz earthquake | 7.4 Ms | 50,000 | [101][102] | |||
| February 4–5, 1783; March 28, 1783 | 12:00 | 1783 Calabrian earthquakes | 6.9 | 32,000-50,000 | First in a sequence of five earthquakes ≥5.9 to hit Calabria in less than two months | [103] | |
| June 1, 1786 | 04:00 | 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake | 7.75 | 100,000 | Triggered a landslide that blocked the Dadu river; the collapse of the dam during an aftershock and subsequent flood caused most of the casualties | [104] | |
| March 28, 1787 | 11:30 | 1787 New Spain earthquake | 8.6 | 11+ | |||
| February 4, 1797 | 12:30 | 1797 Riobamba earthquake | 7.3 | 41,000 | [105] | ||
| February 10, 1797 | 1797 Sumatra earthquake | 8.4 | 300 | [106][107][108] |
19th century
| Date | Time | Event | Magnitude | Fatalities | Location | Comments | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| October 26, 1802 | 10:55 | 1802 Vrancea earthquake | 7.9 | 3 in Bucharest | [109][110] | ||
| February 16, 1810 | 22:15 | 1810 Crete earthquake | 7.5 | 2,000 | [111] | ||
| December 16, 1811 | 02:15 | 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes | 7.5 M | Followed by 7.0 M "Dawn" aftershock at 07:15 | USGS | ||
| January 23, 1812 | 09:15 | 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes | 7.3 M | USGS | |||
| February 7, 1812 | 03:45 | 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes | 7.5 M | (Johnston, 1996) | USGS | ||
| March 26, 1812 | 16:37 | 1812 Caracas earthquake | 7.7 M | 15,000–20,000 | |||
| December 8, 1812 | 07:00 | 1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake | 6.9 Mla –7.5 | 40 | Also known as the Capistrano earthquake or the Wrightwood earthquake; destroyed "The Great Stone Church" at Mission San Juan Capistrano | ||
| December 21, 1812 | 11:00 | 1812 Ventura earthquake | 7.2 | 2 | Also known as the Santa Barbara earthquake | Southern California Earthquake Data Center | |
| June 16, 1819 | 18:45–18:50 | 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake | 7.7–8.2 | >1,543 | Formed an 80 km long ridge, the Allah Bund ("Dam of God") | [112] | |
| June 2, 1823 | 08:00 | 1823 Hawaii earthquake | 7.0-7.5 M | Also known as the Kaʻū earthquake | [113][114] | ||
| June 6, 1833 | 1833 Kodiak earthquake | 7.5 | [115][116] | ||||
| August 26, 1833 | 22:58 | 1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake | 7.6–7.9 | 500 | [117] | ||
| November 25, 1833 | 22:00 | 1833 Sumatra earthquake | 8.8–9.2 | "numerous" | Subsequent tsunami devastated the southwest coast of Sumatra from Pariaman to Bengkulu | [106][108][118] | |
| June 1836 | 1836 Hayward earthquake | Probably misreported in 1868 following the 1838 San Andreas earthquake | [119] | ||||
| January 1, 1837 | 16:00 | 1837 Galilee earthquake | 6.5 | 6,000-7,000 | Also known as the Safed earthquake | [120][121] | |
| June 1838 | 1838 San Andreas earthquake | 7.0 | [122][123] | ||||
| January 11, 1839 | 06:00 | 1839 Martinique earthquake | 7.5 | 300 | [124][125] | ||
| March 23, 1839 | 04:00 | 1839 Ava earthquake | 8.2 | 400 | Also known as the Great Innwa earthquake | [126][127] | |
| January 4, 1843 | 1843 Marked Tree earthquake | 6.0 | [128][129] | ||||
| February 8, 1843 | 10:37 | 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake | 8.5 Muk | 1,500–5,000 | Severe destruction in Basse-Terre and Pointe-à-Pitre; tsunami reported locally | [130][131] | |
| April 25, 1843 | 06:00 | 1843 Tokachi earthquake | 8.0 MJMA | 91 | Created large tsunami | [132][133] | |
| May 8, 1847 | 21:30 | 1847 Zenkoji earthquake | 7.4 Ms | ≥8,600 | Also known as the Nagano earthquake | [135] | |
| November 26, 1852 | 07:40 | 1852 Banda Sea earthquake | 7.5 | 60+ | [136] | ||
| December 23, 1854 | 09:00 | 1854 Tōkai earthquake | 8.4 ML | >2,000 | Also known as the Ansei Tokai earthquake | [137] | |
| December 24, 1854 | 16:00 | 1854 Nankai earthquake | 8.4 ML | >3,000 | Caused large tsunami | [138] | |
| January 23, 1855 | 21:11 | 1855 Wairarapa earthquake | 8.2 | 7-9 | Largest earthquake in New Zealand recorded history | [139] | |
| November 11, 1855 | 22:00 | 1855 Edo earthquake | 7.0 Ms | 7,000-10,000 | Also known as the Ansei Edo earthquake | [140] | |
| October 12, 1856 | 02:38 or 02:45 | 1856 Heraklion earthquake | 7.7–8.3 | 600+ | Also known as the Great Crete earthquake | [141] | |
| January 9, 1857 | 16:24 | 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake | 7.9 | 2 | [142] | ||
| December 16, 1857 | 22:15 | 1857 Basilicata earthquake | 7.0 | 19,000 | Also known as the Great Neapolitan earthquake | USGS | |
| February 16, 1861 | 1861 Sumatra earthquake | 8.5 | "several thousand" | Caused large tsunami | [143] | ||
| March 20, 1861 | 23:30 | 1861 Mendoza earthquake | 7.2 Ms | 6,000-12,000 | INPRES | ||
| April 24, 1867 | 14:30 | 1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake | 5.1 Mfa | Largest earthquake in Kansas recorded history | [144] | ||
| June 10, 1867 | 04:20-04:30 | 1867 Java earthquake | 7.8 | ≤700 | Caused extensive destruction in Yogyakarta and surrounding areas | [145] | |
| November 18, 1867 | 14:45 | 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami | 7.5 Ms | >50 | Strong earthquake followed by a local tsunami | [146] | |
| December 18, 1867 | 09:00 | 1867 Keelung earthquake | 7.0 | 580 | At 15 m, thought to be the only destructive tsunami in Taiwan | ||
| April 3, 1868 | 02:25 | 1868 Hawaii earthquake | 7.9 MI | 77 | (Klein and Wright, 2000) | USGS | |
| August 13, 1868 | 16:45 | 1868 Arica earthquake | 8.5-9.3 | 25,000 | Okal et al. (2006) gives upper end magnitude | USGS | |
| October 21, 1868 | 15:53 | 1868 Hayward earthquake | 6.8 MI | 30 | Known as the "Great San Francisco earthquake" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake | USGS | |
| May 10, 1877 | 21:16 | 1877 Iquique earthquake | 8.5 Ms | 2,385 | Caused large tsunami | USGS | |
| November 9, 1880 | 07:33 | 1880 Zagreb earthquake | 6.3 ML | 1 | [147] | ||
| April 3, 1881 | 13:40 | 1881 Chios earthquake | 6.5 | 7,866 | [148] | ||
| December 31, 1881 | 07:49 | 1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake | 7.9 | 0 | Caused tsunami | [149] | |
| September 7, 1882 | 03:50 | 1882 Panama earthquake | 7.9–8.3 Ms | 250 | Caused tsunami; largest earthquake in Panamanian history | [150] | |
| December 25, 1884 | 21:08 | 1884 Andalusian earthquake | 6.7± | 1,200 | Heavy snow that followed caused further deaths | ||
| August 27, 1886 | 23:27 | 1886 Peloponnese earthquake | 6.8-7.3 | 326–600 | [151] | ||
| August 31, 1886 | 21:51 | 1886 Charleston earthquake | 6.9–7.3 | 60 | Believed to be the largest earthquake ever to strike the east coast | USGS | |
| February 23, 1887 | 06:30 | 1887 Liguria earthquake | 6.8–6.9 | 600–3,000 | Severe damage along the Ligurian coast | [152] | |
| September 1, 1888 | 04:10 | 1888 North Canterbury earthquake | 7.0–7.3 M | ||||
| July 28, 1889 | 23:40 | 1889 Kumamoto earthquake | 6.3 | 20 | [14] | ||
| October 27, 1891 | 06:38 | 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake | 8 Ms | 7,273 | Largest inland earthquake in Japan's recorded history | USGS | |
| April 19, 1892 | 02:50 | 1892 Vacaville earthquake | 6.4 M | 1 | First of two 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes | USGS | |
| April 21, 1892 | 09:43 | 1892 Winters earthquake | 6.2 M | Second of two 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes | USGS | ||
| November 17, 1893 | 19:30 | 1893 Quchan earthquake | 6.6 Ms | 18,000 | [153] | ||
| October 31, 1893 | 05:12 | 1893 Charleston earthquake | 6.0–6.3 Ms | 1 | [154] | ||
| June 15, 1896 | 19:32 | 1896 Sanriku earthquake | 8.5 | 22,000+ | Caused large tsunamis | USGS | |
| August 31, 1896 | 17:06 | 1896 Rikuu earthquake | 7.2 M | 209 | |||
| June 12, 1897 | 17:11 | 1897 Assam earthquake | 8.0 | 1,542 | Also known as the "Great Indian earthquake" | [155] | |
| September 20, 1897 | 19:06 UTC | 1897 Mindanao earthquakes | 7.4 Ms | First of two 1897 Mindanao earthquakes; caused tsunami | [156] | ||
| September 21, 1897 | 05:12 UTC | 1897 Mindanao earthquakes | 7.5 Ms | 13+ | Second of two 1897 Mindanao earthquakes; caused large tsunami | [156] | |
| September 4, 1899 | 21:41 | 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes | 8.2 | First of two major 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes | [157] | ||
| September 10, 1899 | 04:32 | 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes | 8.1 | Second of two major 1899 Yakutat Bay earthquakes | [158] | ||
| September 20, 1899 | 04:00 | 1899 Aydın–Denizli earthquake | 6.5-7.1 | 1,117–1,470 | NGDC | ||
| October 9, 1900 | 1900 Kodiak Island earthquake | 7.7 | [159] | ||||
| October 29, 1900 | 04:30-04:45 | 1900 San Narciso earthquake | 7.6-7.7 | 140 | USGS |
See also
- Archaeoseismology
- Lists of 20th-century earthquakes
- Lists of 21st-century earthquakes
- List of tsunamis
- Lists of earthquakes
- List of megathrust earthquakes
- Paleoseismology
References
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- ^ Berberian, Manuel (2014). "Chapter 3 – Earthquakes and Religious Thoughts". Developments in Earth Surface Processes. 17: 43–76. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63292-0.00003-X. ISBN 978-0-444-63292-0.
- ^ "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of Chinas Great Flood and the Xia dynasty". ResearchGate. August 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
- ^ "Bamboo Annals", listed under Xia chapters on King Fa's 7th year.
- ^ 吳階平, 喻滄, 季羨林. [2002] (2002) 世紀中國學術大典: 測繪學, 大氣科學, 固體地球物理學, 應用地球物理學, 海洋科學. 福建教育出版社. ISBN 7-5334-3446-3, ISBN 978-7-5334-3446-5. p 41.
- ^ Herodotus (2003) [5th century BC]. The Histories. Translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt. Penguin Classics. p. 538.
- ^ Armijo, R.; Lyon-Caen, H.; Papanastassiou, D. (1991). "A possible normal-fault rupture for the 464 BC Sparta earthquake" (PDF). Nature. 351 (6322): 137–139. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..137A. doi:10.1038/351137a0. S2CID 4278524.
- ^ "The 373 B.C. Helike (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) Earthquake and Tsunami, Revisited". ResearchGate. September 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
- ^ Erel, T. L.; Adatepe, F. (2007). "Traces of Historical earthquakes in the ancient city life at the Mediterranean region" (PDF). J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. 13: 241–252. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2011.
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External links
- Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
- Earthquakes Canada
- Historical earthquakes in Europe
- IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
- Recent New Zealand earthquakes
- SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
- USGS list of current earthquakes
- USGS list of earthquakes magnitude 6.0 and greater sorted by magnitude
- Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to present – National Geophysical Data Center
- Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006 – Building Research Institute (Japan)