Barroso is a Portuguese and Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Abelardo Barroso (1905–1972), Cuban singer
• Adilson Barroso (born 1964), Brazilian politician
• Agustina Barroso (born 1993), Argentine footballer
• Alberto Barroso Campos (born 1996), Spanish tennis player
• Alexandre Barroso (born 1963), Brazilian football manager
• António Barroso (1854–1918), Portuguese missionary and prelate of the Catholic Church
• Antonio Barroso y Castillo (1854–1916), Spanish politician
• Antonio Barroso y Sánchez-Guerra (1893–1982), Spanish general and politician
• Ary Barroso (1903–1964), Brazilian composer
• David Barroso (born 2001), Spanish middle-distance runner
• Eric Barroso (born 1990), Spanish footballer
• Francimar Barroso (born 1980), Brazilian mixed martial artist
• Francisco Barroso Filho (born 1928), Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop
• Francisco Manuel Barroso (1804–1882), 19th century Brazilian commodore
• Graziela Barroso (1912–2003), Brazilian botanist
• Gustavo Barroso (1888–1957), Brazilian writer and politician
• Inezita Barroso (1925–2015), Brazilian folk singer
• Ismael Barroso (born 1983), Venezuelan boxer
• Jaime Barroso (footballer) (born 2007), Spanish footballer
• Jaime Barroso (race walker) (born 1968), Spanish racewalker
• João Soares, full name João Barroso Soares (born 1949), Portuguese lawyer and politician
• João Carlos Barroso (1950–2019), Brazilian actor
• José Barroso (born 1970), Portuguese footballer
• José Barroso Chávez (1925–2008), Mexican Red Cross official.
• José Manuel Barroso (born 1956), former Prime Minister of Portugal and the former President of the European Commission
• Julio Barroso (born 1985), Argentine footballer and manager
• Leonardo Barroso (born 2005), Portuguese footballer
• Luís Barroso (born 1966), Portuguese sprinter
• Luís Oliveira, full name Luís Airton Barroso Oliveira (born 1969), Brazilian-Belgian footballer
• Luís Roberto Barroso (born 1958), Brazilian jurist and judge of the Brazilian supreme court
• Luiz André Barroso (1964 –2023), Brazilian computer engineer
• Manuel Barroso (pentathlete) (born 1964), Portuguese modern pentathlete
• Manuel Barroso (rower), (born 1931), Portuguese rower
• Maria Barroso (1925–2015), Portuguese actress and wife of former Portuguese Prime Minister Mário Soares
• Maria Alice Barroso (1926–2012), Brazilian writer
• Mariano Barroso (born 1959), Spanish film director and screenwriter
• Mário Barroso (born 1947), Portuguese film director, actor and cinematographer
• Miguel Barroso (1538–1590), Spanish painter
• Miguel Barroso Ayats (1953–2024), Spanish journalist and politician
• Pablo Jose Barroso, Mexican film producer
• Philippe Barroso (born 1955), French alpine skier
• Ricardo Barroso Barroso (born 1973), Mexican architect and plastic artist
• Ricardo Barroso Agramont (born 1980), Mexican politician
• Sergio Barroso (born 1946), Cuban composer, performer and professor
• Susana Barroso (born 1974), Portuguese Paralympic swimmer
• Tomás Barroso (born 1990), Portuguese basketball player