United States v. Hartwell, 73 U.S. 385 (1867), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court which defined the characteristics of an Officer of the United States. An Officer, as opposed to a mere government employee, has a tenure, duration, emolument, and duties defined by law as opposed by contract.

• Text of United States v. Hartwell, 73 U.S. 385 (1867) is available from: Cornell Findlaw Justia Library of Congress OpenJurist