Spain, formally known as the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign nation primarily situated on the Iberian Peninsula in South Europe. It also includes the archipelagos Canary Islands and Balearic Islands, along with overseas territories bordering Morocco located in North Africa. The mainland is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and east, except for a small land border with Gibraltar. To the north and northeast, it shares borders with France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay, while Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean lie to the west and northwest. Spain is one of only three countries, along with France and Morocco, to have coastlines on both the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The Portugal–Spain border, stretching 1,214 km (754 mi), is the longest continuous border within the European Union. As a matter of fact, the total length of the border shared by Spain reaches 1,928 kilometres (1,198 mi) long.[1][2][3][4]
Borders
Spain–Portugal border
The Spain-Portugal border, commonly known as La Raya, is 1,292 kilometers long. It extends through the provinces of Pontevedra, Ourense, Zamora, Salamanca, Cáceres, Badajoz and Huelva in Spain, and the districts of Viana do Castelo, Braga, Vila Real, Bragança, Guarda, Castelo Branco, Portalegre, Évora, Beja, Faro in Portugal.
The border starts in the mouth of Minho River, and ends in the mouth of Guadiana River.
Spain-France border
The Spain-France border is 656.3 km long. It is divided in two parts, since it is interrupted by Andorra. The first part extends through the provinces of Gipuzkoa, Navarre, Huesca, Lleida and Girona in Spain, and the departments of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, Ariège, Pyrénées-Orientales in France.
The border goes from the mouth of Bidasoa River to a cape between Cerbère and Portbou, and crosses the Pyrenees.
Spain–Andorra border
The Spain-Andorra border is 63.7 km long. It extends through the province of Lérida in Spain, and the parishes of La Massana, Andorra La Vella, Sant Julià de Lòria, Escaldes-Engordany and Encamp.
This border is a hotspot for smuggling, because of the cheapness of tobacco in Andorra.
Spain–Morocco border
The autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make the border with Morocco, which is 19 km long.
The borders of Ceuta and Melilla, are de facto, because between them and Morocco there is no man's land. The only real border would be the 27 meters long one in the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera.
Spain–Gibraltar border
The Spain–Gibraltar border is 1.2 km long and connects the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and the Spanish municipality of La Línea de la Concepción.
Crossing points
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
 Fuenterrabía- Hendaye
|
 Transborder ferry
|
| Irún- Hendaye
|
 Conventional railway
|
| Irún- Hendaye
|
Narrow-gauge railway (Euskotren)
|
| Irún- Hendaye
|
Avenida de Iparralde – Avenue d'Espagne |
| Irún- Hendaye
|
N-Ia - D912 |
| Behovia- Béhobie (Urrugne)
|
N-I - N10 |
| Behovia- Biriatou
|
A-8 - A63 |
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
| Canfranc- Forges d'Abel (Urdos)
|
N-330 - N134 |
| Canfranc- Forges d'Abel (Urdos)
|
N-330a - N134 |
| Formigal (Sallent de Gállego)- Pont de Camps (Laruns)
|
A-136 - D934 |
| Hospital de Parzán (Bielsa)- Aragnouet
|
A-138 - D929 |
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
| Bossost- Saint-Mamet and Bagnères-de-Luchon
|
N-141 - D618 |
| Bausen- Fos
|
N-230 - N125 |
| Bausen- Fos
|
N-230 - N125 |
Tor (Alins)- Pal (La Massana)
|
Rural track - CG-4 |
| Os de Civís- Bixessarri (San Julià de Lòria)
|
Rural track - CS-110 |
| Civís (Les Valls de Valira)- Fontaneda (San Julià de Lòria)
|
Rural track - CS-111 |
| Arduix (Les Valls de Valira)- Sant Esteve-Mas d'Alins (San Julià de Lòria)
|
Rural track - CS-142 |
| Anserall y La Seu d'Urgel- San Julià de Lòria
|
N-145 - CG-1 |
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
| La Fleca Vella (Puigcerdá)- La Vinyola (Enveitg)
|
Rural track - D34 |
| Puigcerdá- Enveitg
|
link=:es:Archivo:Bahn aus Zusatzzeichen 1024-15 A.png|35x35px Barcelona-Puigcerdá-France international rail line |
| Puigcerdá- Cámping L'Aiglon (Ur)
|
N-152 - D68 |
| Llívia- La Joncassa and La Prada de Càldegues (Ur)
|
N-152 - D68 |
| Llívia- Estavar
|
Rural track |
| Llívia- Estavar
|
Avinguda dels Països Catalans – Route de Llivia |
| Gorguja (Llívia)- Ro (Saillagouse)
|
N-154 - D33C |
| Puigcerdà- Bourg-Madame
|
N-152 - N20 ( E-9 ) |
| Age- Palau de Cerdanya (Osséja)
|
GIV-4037 - D70a |
| Molló- Prats de Molló
|
C-38 - D115 |
| Tapis (Maçanet de Cabrenys)- Coustouges
|
GI-505 - D3 |
| La Vajol- Maureillas-las-Illas
|
GI-503 - D13 |
| Els Límits (La Jonquera)- Le Perthus
|
Perpignan-Barcelona high-speed rail line |
| Els Límits (La Jonquera)- Le Perthus
|
N-II - N9 |
| Els Límits (La Jonquera)- Le Perthus
|
AP-7 - A9 ( E-15 ) |
| Espolla- Banyuls-sur-Mer
|
Rural route |
| Portbou- Cerbère
|
N-260 - N114 |
| Portbou- Cerbère
|
Conventional railway |
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
Camposancos (A Guarda)- Caminha
|
Transborder ferry Camposancos – Caminha |
| Goián (Tomiño)- Vila Nova de Cerveira
|
PO-553 - EN13 |
| Tui- Valença do Minho
|
Vigo-Tui-Porto international rail line |
| Tui- Valença do Minho
|
A-55 - A3 ( E-01 ) |
| Tui- Valença do Minho
|
N-551 - EN13 |
| Salvatierra de Miño- Monção
|
PO-510 - N-202 |
| Arbo- Melgaço
|
PO-405 - M1147 |
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
| Calabor- França
|
ZA-925 - IP 2 |
| Rihonor de Castilla- Rio de Onor
|
ZA-921 - N 308 |
| Riomanzanas- Guadramil
|
ZA-P-2438 - N 308 |
| Villarino de Manzanas- Petisqueira
|
Vía local - M 1039 |
| San Martín del Pedroso- Quintanilha
|
N-122 - E-82 - |
| Villarino Tras La Sierra- Trabazos
|
ZA-V-2425 - M 542 |
| Alcañices- Avelanoso
|
ZA-L-2440 - M 546 |
| Moveros-Constantim
|
ZA-L-2435 - M 1201 |
| Brandilanes- Ifanes
|
ZA-L-2433 - M 542 |
| Castro de Alcañices- Paradela
|
ZA-L-2432 - M 542-1 |
| Torregamones- Miranda do Douro
|
ZA-324 - N 218 |
| Fermoselle- Bemposta
|
CL-527 - N 221-7 |
| Location | Road or Facility |
|---|---|
| Encinasola- Barrancos
|
HU-9101 – N258 |
| Rosal de la Frontera- Sobral da Adiça
|
Rural track |
| Rosal de la Frontera- Vila Verde de Ficalho
|
N-433 - IP8 |
| Paymogo- São Marcos (Vila Nova de São Bento)
|
HU-7400 - Rural track |
| Santa Catalina (El Granado)- Pomarão (Santana de Cambas)
|
HU-6400 - Rural track |
| Ayamonte- Castro Marim
|
A-49 - A 22 ( E-1 ) |
| Ayamonte- Vila Real de Santo António
|
Transborder ferry
|
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
La Línea de la Concepción-  Gibraltar
|
N-351 - Winston Churchill Avenue |
| Location | Road or facility |
|---|---|
Benzú- Beliones
|
N-354 - P-4703 |
| Ceuta- Fnideq
|
N-352 - P-28 |
| Location | Road or Facility |
|---|---|
| Melilla- Beni Ansar
|
Avenida de Europa – N-19 |
| Melilla- Haddú
|
ML-105 - Rural track |
| Melilla- Farkhana
|
ML-101 - Rural track |
| Melilla- Idoudouhen
|
ML-300 - Rural track |
References
- ^ "Spain | WorldCrops". worldcrops.org. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- ^ "Which Countries Border Spain?". WorldAtlas. 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- ^ "Spain". Barry's Borderpoints. 2020-08-20. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- ^ nationsonline.org, klaus kästle-. "Map of Spain". Nations Online Project. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
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