Svetlana Alexandrovna Pletneva (also spelled Pletnyeva and Pletnyova; Russian: Светлана Александровна Плетнёва, Russian pronunciation: [svʲɪtˈɫanə ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvnə plʲɪtʲˈnʲɵvə]; 1 April 1926 – 20 November 2008) was a Russian and Soviet archaeologist and historian. Like Lev Gumilev, she was a student of Mikhail Artamonov, although she discarded many of the former's theories as mere speculations. She won the USSR State Prize in 1986.

Pletneva is the author of numerous books on Eurasian nomads, particularly the Khazars.

• State Prize of the USSR
• Order of the Badge of Honour
• Medal "For Labour Valour"
• Medal "For Distinguished Labour"

• Pletneva's page on the Institute for Archeology website (in Russian)