Irenangelus is a genus of kleptoparasitic spider wasps in the subfamily Ceropalinae of the family Pompilidae. The genus has a pantropical distribution, occurring in the Oriental, Neotropical, Australian, eastern Palearctic, and Madagascan zoogeographic regions, with the highest diversity found in the Neotropics.[3]
Irenangelus is closely related to the more widespread genus Ceropales, with both forming a monophyletic subfamily, Ceropalinae, within the Pompilidae.[3] This subfamily is considered the most basal lineage of the Pompilidae. However, this classification is debated due to the kleptoparasitic life history of ceropalines. Current research suggests that Ceropalinae and other pompilids evolved from a common ectoparasitoid ancestor.[3]
Biology
In the Philippines, species of Irenangelus are known to be kleptoparasites of Auplopus nyemitawa and Tachypompilus analis. Additionally, I. eberhardi is a kleptoparasite of Auplopus semialatus. The kleptoparasitic behavior of I. lukosanus has been observed as it pursues its host pompilid, Platydialepis ryoheii, while the latter transports its prey, Heteropoda forcipata, to its nest. The kleptoparasitic wasp pounces on the spider and extends its gaster, attempting to insert the tip into a slit of the prey's book lung.[3]
Species
Some species included in Irenangelus include:
- Irenangelus clarus (Evans, 1969)[4]
- Irenangelaus crossopus (Kimsey & Wasbauer, 2004)[5]
- Irenangelus eberhardi (Evans, 1987)
- Irenangelus evansi (Kimsey & Wasbauer, 2004)[5]
- Irenangelus furtivus (Evans, 1969)[6]
- Irenangelus hikosamis (Wahis, 2007)[3]
- Irenangelus hispaniolae (Evans, 1969)[7]
- Irenangelus ichneumoides (Ducke, 1908)
- Irenangelus intrusus Banks
- Ireangelus lucidus (Evans, 1969)
- Irenangelus lukosanus (Wahis, 2007)
- Irenangelus luzonensis (Rohwer, 1919)
- Irenangelus madescassus (Wahis, 1988)
- Irenangelus mexicanus (Turner 1917)
- Irenangelus nambui (Shimizu, 2007)
- Irenangelus pernix (Bingham, 1896)
- Irenangelus punctipleuris (Wahis, 2007)
- Irenangelus reversus (Smith, 1873)
- Irenangelus townesorum (Evans, 1969)
- Irenangelus tucumanus (Evans, 1969)
References
- ^ "Classification of Ceropalinae (Pompilidae)". Iziko Museums of South Africa. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ V.S.L. Pate (1946). "The Generic Names of the Spider Wasps (Psammocharidae olim Pompilidae) and Their Type Species (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 72 (3): 65–137. JSTOR 25077544.
- ^ a b c d e Shimizu, Akira; Wahis, Raymond (2007). "Systematic Studies on the Pompilidae Occurring in Japan: Genus Irenangelus Schulz (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Ceropalinae)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 16 (2): 311–325.
- ^ Castro-Huertas, Valentina; Pitts, James P.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Waichert, Cecilia; Fernandez, Fernado (2014). "New records of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) from Colombia". ZooKeys (443): 35–44. doi:10.3897/zookeys.443.8348. PMC 4205502. PMID 25349495.
- ^ a b Kimsey, Lynne S.; Wasbauer, Marius S. (2004). "Revision of new world species of the cleptoparasitic pompilid genus Irenangelus Schulz (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 77 (4): 650–668. doi:10.2317/e-1.1. S2CID 85582755.
- ^ "Insects of Panamá". Arizona State University. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ Waichert, Cecilia; Rodriguez, Juanita; von Dolen, Carol; Pitts, James P. (2012). "The Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the Dominican Republic". Zootaxa. 3353: 1–47. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3353.1.1.
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