The following lists events that happened during 1962 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

• First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Nikita Khrushchev
• Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union - Leonid Brezhnev
• Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union - Nikita Khrushchev

• 1962 Soviet nuclear tests
• Operation Anadyr

• 1–2 June – Novocherkassk massacre
• 17 June – K-3 becomes the first Soviet submarine to reach the North Pole. ^[1]
• 30 June – Aeroflot Flight 902 crashes 28 kilometers east of Krasnoyarsk airport, killing all 84 on board. ^[2]

• 14–28 October – The Cuban Missile Crisis occurs between the United States and Soviet Union over the deployment of Soviet ballistic missiles to Cuba.

• 4 January – Natalya Bochina, sprinter
• 17 January – Igor Surovikin, Russian professional football coach and former player
• 6 April – Natalie Holland, Russian-born contemporary artist^[3]
• 30 August – Alexander Litvinenko, poisoned former KGB and FSB colonel

• 19 September – Nikolai Pogodin, Soviet playwright (b. 1900)

• 1962 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
• List of Soviet films of 1962