The Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan was a short-lived British-controlled anti-communist state founded in the Lankaran region (present-day Azerbaijan) on 4 August 1918, amid the Mughan clashes.

The Mughan government did not support the independence of Azerbaijan and it was led by White Russian colonel T. P. Sukhorukov, who acted under the protection of the British occupation of Baku. Mughan declared to be an autonomous part of "single and indivisible Russia". In December 1918, it was reorganized as the Mughan Territorial Administration. On 25 April 1919, a violent protest organized by Talysh workers of pro-Bolshevik orientation exploded in Lankaran and deposed the Mughan Territorial Administration. On 15 May the Extraordinary Congress of the "Councils of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies" of Lankaran district proclaimed the Mughan Soviet Republic.^[1]