List of science fiction literature with Messiah figures is a list of sci-fi novels, short stories and comics in which Messiah figures play a thematic role. In contrast to theological-scientific works or Jesus novels, which deal with the life and teachings of the Messiah Jesus Christ from a religious perspective, sci-fi literature places the messianic theme in the context of the fantastique, such as time travel, space travel, alternative realities, parallel worlds, distant planets with extraterrestrial life, paranormal abilities, futuristic cybernetics, reproductive cloning, etc.

Messiah figures, who are “sometimes depicted unsympathetically as deluded, dishonest, or misinterpreted figures whose doctrines are more harmful that helpful”,[1] are just one aspect of several religious themes that are interpreted in sci-fi literature.[2]

List of sci-fi literature

Title Author Form Year Editor/Journal Topic
When the Sleeper Wakes[3] (also The Sleeper Awakes) H. G. Wells Novel 1899 Harper & Brothers Graham falls asleep and wakes up 200 years later as a celebrity and the richest man on earth. He experiences the misery of the workers, refuses to be manipulated by the ruling plutocrats and fights and sacrifices himself for the rebellious masses.
When It Was Dark: The Story of a Great Conspiracy[4] Cyril Ranger Gull, aka Guy Thorne Novel 1903 London Greening & Co A world is plunged into chaos by a conspiracy against the existence of and faith in Jesus.
Around a Distant Star[1][5][6][7] Jean Delaire (pseudonym of Pauline Celestine Elisa Touchemolin) Novel 1904 John Long Ltd A spaceship equipped with a super telescope flies to a distant planet at 2000 times the speed of light in order to witness the last days of Christ in retrospect.
Made in His Image[8] Cyril Ranger Gull Novel 1906 Hutchinson A world in chaos is redeemed through renewed faith in Jesus.
"The Baumoff Explosion" (also Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani)[9][10][11] William Hope Hodgson Short story 1919 Nash's Magazine Using a self-invented drug, the scientist Baumoff assumes the identity of Jesus - with terrible consequences for him.
"Jesus Christ in Texas"[12][13] William Edward Burghardt Du Bois Short story 1920 Harcourt, Brace and Howe The Second Coming of Jesus Christ in 20th century Texas
They Call Me Carpenter: A Tale of the Second Coming Upton Sinclair Novel 1922 Boni & Liveright The Second Coming of Jesus Christ triggers affection and conflict.
This Above All (1943: Above All Else)[14] Matthew Phipps Shiel Novel 1933 The Vanguard Press Companions and followers of Jesus live unrecognized as immortals on earth and wait for his return.
Superman[15][16][17][18] Jerry Siegel und Joe Shuster Comic 1938 Action Comics Stories about the extraterrestrial Kryptonian Kal-El,[19] "a popular culture messiah",[20] who fights for the good cause as the superhuman "saviour of the helpless and suppressed".[21]
"Farewell to the Master"[22] Harry Bates Short story 1940 Astounding Science Fiction An extraterrestrial messiah warns and saves the earth.[23]
What Dreams May Come[24] John Davys Beresford Novel 1941 Hutchinson The protagonist becomes the creator of a utopian society through his dreams.
"The Man" Ray Bradbury Short story 1949 Thrilling Wonder Space travelers on a distant planet learn of the arrival of Jesus.
Time and Again (also Time Quarry and First He Died) Clifford D. Simak Novel 1950 Galaxy Science Fiction A spaceman imbued with psychic powers by aliens returns to a very different Earth.
"The Skull"[25] Philip K. Dick Short story 1952 If Conger can gain release from jail if he kills a man 200 years in the past before this man becomes the founder of an influential anti-technology cult. With the skull of this Founder, Conger travels to the year 1960, where he makes a surprising discovery.
"The Traveller" Richard Matheson Short story 1954 Chamberlain Press, Born of Man and Woman A professor travels back in time to the crucifixion of Jesus to report on it as a neutral observer.
"The Star"[26] Arthur C. Clarke Short story 1955 Infinity Science Fiction Astronauts discover the securely hidden remains of a very Earth-like civilization that was destroyed by a supernova. The lead astrophysicist, a Jesuit, calculates when the light of this explosion could be seen on Earth.
A Canticle for Leibowitz[27][28] Walter M. Miller, Jr. Novel 1959 J. B. Lippincott & Co. After a global nuclear war, the Jewish electrical engineer Leibowitz preserves books and knowledge of the world as a converted Catholic and order founder. He is tortured and murdered, but over the millennia his image evolves into that of a saint.
"Robot Son" Robert F. Young Short story 1959 Fantastic Universe In a distant future, the machine god, who ensures that everything technological functions, creates a son who demands repentance and worship from people.
Stranger in a Strange Land[29][30] Robert Heinlein Novel 1961 Putnam Publishing Group The last survivor of the Mars colony is brought to Earth. Equipped with superhuman abilities, he experiences life on Earth, deeply touches the people he meets, is finally killed by the mob, but lives on as a spirit being.
"The Rescuer"[31] Arthur Porges Short story 1962 Analog Science Fiction and Fact A journey back in time to the crucifixion of Jesus in order to save him is prevented.
"The Streets of Ashkelon"[32] (also An Alien Agony) Harry Harrison Short story 1962 Brian Aldiss's New Worlds #122 Aliens conduct an experiment to decide between empiricism and faith in the resurrection of Jesus.
"Seven Day's Wonder"[33] Edward Wellen Short story 1963 The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction The Second Coming of Jesus is told in first-person narrator form.
"A Rose for Ecclesiastes" Roger Zelazny Short story 1963 The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction On Mars, the earthling Gallinger learns the high language of the Martians, studies their sacred texts and inadvertently becomes the predicted prophet of a new age.
The Dead Lady of Clown Town Cordwainer Smith Novel 1964 Galaxy Science Fiction A Jeanne d'Arc variant takes place on a distant planet.
The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch[34] Philip K. Dick Novel 1964 Doubleday In an environmentally degradaded world, Palmer Eldritch facilitates the lives of millions of people with the alien drug Chew-Z - but Eldritch's identity and intentions are shrouded in mystery.
Behold the Man[35][7][3] Michael Moorcock Short story 1966[36] New Worlds Karl Glogauer travels back in time to the Holy Land. When he finally finds Jesus, he has to make a difficult decision.
You and Me and the Continuum[37][38] James Graham Ballard Novel 1966 Roberts & Vinter The Second Coming of Jesus in modern times, which is completely different from what was planned.
Lord of Light[30] Roger Zelazny Novel 1967 Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction On a distant planet, technically superior earthlings control the existence of the native species like a god. The protagonist Sam is a renegade who fights against this oppression in the role of Siddhartha Gautama.
Jesus Christs[39][40] Arthur John Langguth Novel 1968 Harper & Row The multiple deaths and subsequent resurrections of Jesus lead to always new situations.
The Masks of Time (also Vornan-19) Robert Silverberg Novel 1968 Ballantine Books A time-traveling messiah from the year 2999 proclaims the future of Earth.
Past Master[41] Raphael Aloysius Lafferty Novel 1968 Ace Books The inhabitants of the planet Astrobe live in prosperity and abundance, but are experiencing social and moral decline. They bring Thomas Moore out of his time to save them with his moral knowledge and show them the right way.
Planet in the Eye of Time[7] Brian Earnshaw Novel 1968 Hodder & Stoughton 700 years in the future, students take part in an expedition through a time portal to investigate the miracle of Christ's resurrection.
The Last Starship from Earth[1] John Boyd (aka Boyd Bradfield Upchurch) Novel 1968 Weybright & Talley An AI pope rules an alternative world in which a revolutionary Jesus (without crucifixion)[42] has overthrown the Roman Empire and established a worldwide theocracy.
Isle of the Dead[43] Roger Zelazny Novel 1969 Ace Books The world creator Sandow faces his enemies on his own world in order to save his friends.
Dune Messiah[30] Frank Herbert Novel 1969 Putnam Publishing (Vol. 2 of 6) Paul Atreides is the regent of the desert planet Arrakis and, as “Muad'Dib”, the messiah for the religious Fremen. Before he disappears into the desert as a blind preacher, he must prevail against adversaries within to protect his children.
Messiah Trilogy:[1] vol. 1 The Rector Anthony Storey Novel 1970 Rizzoli International Publivations The Second Coming of Jesus in modern England
"The Messiah" (auch Welcome Aboard) Ray Bradbury Short story 1971 Welcome Abord Magazine A Martian Empath can not only embody Jesus, it must do so.
The Book of Stier[44] Robin Sanborn Novel 1971 Berkley Publishing Corporation As in Tommy, a messiah who appears out of nowhere with alien rock music attracts a large following.
"Eyes of Onyx" Edward Bryant Short story 1971 Ballantine Books In the winter of a bleak future, Juan and his father offer shelter to a pregnant woman and her partner. The father helps with the birth of the baby, who has deep black eyes. Juan has a hunch.
The Astrologer John Cameron Novel 1972 Random House An astrologer investigating reports about the Second Coming of Christ gets into trouble.
Messiah Trilogy: vol. 2 The Centre Holds Anthony Storey Novel 1973 Marion Boyars The Second Coming of Jesus in modern England
"Let's Go to Golgotha!"[45] Garry Kilworth Short story 1974 Sunday Times Weekly Review A journey back in time to the crucifixion of Jesus suggests that the crowd in attendance consists only of time-travel tourists.
Messiah Trilogy: vol. 3 The Saviour Anthony Storey Novel 1978 Marion Boyars The Second Coming of Jesus in modern England
Kalki[1] Gore Vidal Novel 1978 Random House Before an apocalyptic war, the protagonist James J. Kelly stages himself as the reincarnation of the Hindu deity Kalki in an elaborate religious hoax in order to repopulate the earth after the destruction of humanity.
Jesus on Mars[46][47] Philip José Farmer Novel 1979 Pinnacle Press Jesus, who lives among the Krsh on Mars, travels to Earth with a fleet as a savior, where his arrival triggers affection but also hostility.
The Walking Shadow Brian M. Stableford Novel 1979 Fontana A time traveler, accompanied by his followers and exposed to temptation, wants to ensure the survival of mankind in the distant future.
Smile on the Void: The Mythhistory of Ralph M'Botu Kitaj[48] Stuart Gordon Novel 1981 Berkley Publishing Corporation At the end of the 20th century, the richest man in the world finally realizes his true destiny.
The Divine Invasion[49] Philip K. Dick Novel 1981 Timescape Books/Simon & Schuster Yahweh is reborn, but he, his mother and their friends are in danger - but they are not alone.
Mission[50] Patrick Tilley Novel 1981 Little, Brown and Company Second coming of Jesus: A man wounded in his hands, feet and ribs is found in New York.
The Cross of Fire[51][1] Barry N. Malzberg Novel 1982 Ace Books A man escapes from a technocratic, cold future by undergoing drug-induced therapy in which he puts himself in the shoes of religious figures, including Jesus, and lives through their lives.
The Gospel According to Gamaliel Crucis (also The Astrogator's Testimony)[52] Michael Bishop Novel 1983 Kudzu Planet Productions Second Coming of Jesus in the form of an extraterrestrial praying mantis
The Man in the Tree Damon Knight Novel 1984 Berkley Books A messianic giant with paranormal powers changes the world.
Godbody[53] Theodore Sturgeon Novel 1986 Donald I. Fine Godbody changes people's lives in a small town in New England, but not everyone likes it.
Only Begotten Daughter James Kenneth Morrow Novel 1990 William Morrow and Company The novel tells the story of Julie Katz, the half-sister of Jesus, who is born through “inverse parthenogenesis” in the United States.
Live from Golgotha[54][1] Gore Vidal Novel 1992 Random House Time travelers from several eras influence the life of Jesus Christ.
The Hammer of God[1] Arthur C. Clarke Novel 1993 Bantam Spectra An asteriod threatens the technologized world community in which Fatima Magdalene, the prophetess of Chrislam (Christianity, Islam, and computer/brain interface) has her own goals.
Christ Clone Trilogy:[55][56] vol. 1 In His Image James BeauSeigneur Novel 1997 SelectiveHouse Second coming of Jesus through reproductive cloning of DNA from the Shroud of Turin
Christ Clone Trilogy: vol. 2 Birth of an Age James BeauSeigneur Novel 1997 SelectiveHouse Second coming of Jesus through reproductive cloning of DNA from the Shroud of Turin
Christ Clone Trilogy: vol. 3 Acts of God James BeauSeigneur Novel 1997 SelectiveHouse Second coming of Jesus through reproductive cloning of DNA from the Shroud of Turin
Corrupting Dr. Nice[7][57] John Kessel Novel 1997 Tor Books Time travel is commonplace in 2063 and the discovery of instant universes avoids time paradoxes. In this way, Jesus can be brought into modern times.
Jesus Video (germ. Das Jesus Video Andreas Eschbach Novel 1998 Schneekluth-Verlag Time travel to the Holy Land
The Light of Other Days[1] Arthur C. Clarke und Stephen Baxter Novel 2000 Tor Books WormCams, which are based on wormhole technology, allow to see into the past and experience world history directly. In reality, Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman centurion and had actually visited Great Britain as a youth.
The Jesus Thief[1] Jamilla Rhines Lankford Novel 2003 Great Reads Books Second coming of Jesus through reproductive cloning of DNA from the Shroud of Turin
"Jesus Christ, Animator"[58] Ken MacLeod Short story 2007 Pyr Second coming of Jesus into a very changed world
Punk Rock Jesus[59] Sean Murphy Comic 2012 Vertigo Comics After the Second Coming of Jesus through reproductive cloning of DNA from the Shroud of Turin, he is presented in the media in a reality show. The rebellious Jesus causes adoration and rejection.
The Jesus Deal (germ. Der Jesus-Deal)[60][61] Andreas Eschbach Novel 2014 Lübbe-Verlag Time travel, the Second Coming of Jesus and the end of times
"Mecha-Jesus" Derwin Mak Short story[62] 2014 EDGE Science Fiction and Fantasy Publishing In a fusion of Christianity and Shintoism, a Jesus android is used as a tourist attraction in a Japanese town.
The Savage Sword of Jesus Christ Grant Morrison, Matt and Kevin Molen (the Molen Brothers) Comic 2017 Heavy Metal Magazine 284 Jesus as bodybuilt Nordic Messiah
Second Coming[63] Mark Russell, Richard Pace Comic 2020 AHOY Comics Return of Jesus as sidekick of a superhero

Literature

  • Brisio Javier Oropeza: The Gospel According to Superheroes: Religion and Pop Culture, Ed. Peter Lang, Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series (2005), ISBN 978-0-8204-7422-9
  • Gabriel McKee: The Gospel According to Science Fiction: From The Twilight Zone to the Final Frontier, Presbyterian Publishing Corporation (The Gospel According To... Series (2007), ISBN 978-0-664-22901-6
  • James Frank McGrath: Religion and Science Fiction, Ed. James Clarke & Company (2012) ISBN 978-0-7188-4096-9
  • James Frank McGrath: Theology and Science Fiction, Cascade Books (Cascade Companions) (2016), ISBN 978-1-4982-0451-4
  • Jim Papandrea: From Star Wars to Superman: Christ Figures in Science Fiction and Superhero Films, Sophia Institute Press (2017) ISBN 978-1-62282-388-8
  • Gary Wesley Westfahl: Science Fiction Literature Through History: An Encyclopedia (2 volumes), Bloomsbury Publishing (2021) ISBN 979-8-216-14234-8
  • Michael Scheibach: Faith, Fallout, and the Future: Post-Apocalyptic Science Fiction in the Early Postwar Era, MDPI, in Religions (2021) Bd. 12(7), p. 520 ff., doi:10.3390/rel12070520
  • Frank Bosman: Messiah/Christ, p. 167-186 in Caitlin Salomon: Biblical Themes in Science Fiction, Ed. Nicole L. Tilford and Kelly J. Murphy, SBL Press (2023) ISBN 1-62837-459-4
  • Paul J. Nahin: Time Traveling to Jesus, p. 147–174, in Paul J. Nahin: Holy Sci-Fi! Where Science Fiction and Religion Intersect, Springer (2024), ISBN 978-1-4939-0618-5

See also

References and comment

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  59. ^ "Best Comic Mini-series". IGN. 2012-11-30. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
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Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_literature_with_Messiah_figures
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