Śrīmahādevī

Śrīmahādevī (Buddhism)
Sanskritश्रीमहादेवी
Śrīmahādevī
Chinese吉祥天
(Pinyin: Jíxiáng tiān)
Japanese吉祥天（きっしょうてん） or 吉祥天（きちじょうてん）
(romaji: Kichijōten)
Korean길상천
(RR: Gilsang Cheon)
TagalogSlimahadevi
Tibetanལྷ་མོ་ཆེན་མོ་དཔལ།་
Wylie: lha mo chen mo dpal
VietnameseCát Tường Thiên
Information
Venerated byMahāyāna, Vajrayāna
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Śrīmahādevī, (Chinese: 吉祥天, pinyin: Jíxiángtiān, romaji: Kichijōten or Kisshōten, lit: "Auspicious Devi"), also known as Lakshmi (Chinese: 功德天, pinyin: Gōngdétiān, romaji: Kudokuten, lit: "Meritorious Devi"), is a devi in Mahayana Buddhism. She is particularly respected in East Asian Buddhist traditions as a protector deity due to her appearance in the Golden Light Sutra where she introduced her mantra and made vows to protect any bhikṣu who will uphold and teach the sutra.

Iconography

In Buddhist iconographic form, based on her description in the Golden Light Sutra, she usually holds the cintāmaṇi jewel in her left hand and forms a mudra with her right hand,[1] sometimes with a headdress and a phoenix/fenghuang/hōō.

China

In Chinese Buddhism, Śrīmahādevī is referred to as either Jixiang Tiannü (吉祥天女) or Gongdetian (功德天), and is the goddess of fortune and prosperity. She is regarded as the sister of Pishamentian (毗沙門天), one of the Four Heavenly Kings. She is also regarded as one of the Twenty-Four Protective Deities, and her image is frequently enshrined in the Daxiong Baodian of most Chinese Buddhist monasteries together with the other deities. Her mantra, the Shrīdevī Dhāraṇī (大吉祥天女咒), is classified as one of the Ten Small Mantras (十小咒), which are a collection of dharanis that are commonly recited in Chinese Buddhist temples during morning liturgical services.[2]

The dharani is as follows:

Sanskrit:

Namo buddhāya, namo dharmāya, namaḥ saṃghāya, namo śrīmahādevīya. Tadyathā: Oṃ paripūrṇacare, samantadarśane, mahāvihāragate, samantavidhāmane mahākāryapratiṣṭhāne, sarvārthasādhane supratipūri, āyānadharmatā mahā-avikopite mahāmaitrī-upasaṃhite, mahākleśe susaṃgṛhīte, samantārthānupālane svāhā.

Traditional Chinese:

南無佛陀。南無達摩。南無僧伽。南無室利。摩訶提鼻耶。怛你也他。波利富樓那。遮利三曼陀。達舍尼。摩訶毗訶羅伽帝。三曼陀。毘尼伽帝。摩訶迦利野。波祢。波囉。波祢。薩利縛栗他。三曼陀。修缽黎帝。富隸那。阿利那。達摩帝。摩訶毗鼓畢帝。摩訶彌勒帝。婁簸僧只帝。醯帝簁。僧只醯帝。三曼陀。阿他阿 [少/免] 。婆羅尼。娑婆訶

Pinyin:

Námó fótuó. Námó dámó. Námó sēngjiā. Námó shìlì. Móhē tíbí yé. Dánǐyětā. Bōlì fùlóunà. Zhēlì sānmàntuó. Dáshění. Móhē píhēluó jiādì. Sānmàntuó. Píní jiādì. Móhē jiālì yě. Bō mí. Bō luō. Bō mí. Sàlì fùlìtā. Sānmàntuó. Xiūbōlí dì. Fùlìnà. Ālìnà. Dámódì. Móhē pígǔbì dì. Móhē mílè dì. Lóubǒ sēngzhǐ dì. Xīdìshāi. Sēngzhǐ xīdì. Sānmàntuó. Ā tā ā [shǎo/miǎn]. Póluóní. Suōpóhē.

Japan

In Japanese Buddhism, Śrīmahādevī is known as either Kishijōten or Kisshōten (吉祥天) and is also the goddess of fortune and prosperity.[3] She is sometimes named as one of the Seven Gods of Fortune, replacing either Jurōjin or Fukurokuju.[4] For example, in the 1783 edition of the Butsuzōzui compendium (reprinted in 1796), Kichijōten replaces Fukurokuju as one of the seven fukujin.[5] She is considered to be the goddess of happiness, fertility, and beauty.[4][6][7]

Like in China, Kishijoten is considered the sister of Bishamonten (毘沙門, also known as Tamon or Bishamon-ten), who protects human life, fights evil, and brings good fortune. In ancient and medieval Japan, Kishijoten was the goddess worshiped for luck and prosperity, particularly on behalf of children. Kishijoten was also the guardian goddess of geishas.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Neighbour-Parent, Mary. "Kichijouten 吉祥天". JAANUS. Atsumi International Scholarship Foundation.
  2. ^ "Ten Small Mantras". www.buddhamountain.ca. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  3. ^ Charles Russell Coulter; Patricia Turner (2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. pp. 102, 285, 439. ISBN 978-1-135-96390-3. p. 102: "Kishijoten, a goddess of luck who corresponds to Lakshmi, the Indian goddess of fortune..."
  4. ^ a b "Wooden figure of Kichijōten". The British Museum. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  5. ^ "Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)" (in Japanese). Ehime University Library. 1796. p. (077.jpg). Archived from the original (digital photos) on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  6. ^ "Kichijoten Japanese Lucky Goddess of Beauty". 10 February 2023. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. ^ "Kisshōten (Kichijōten)". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 27 August 2012.

Media related to Kichijouten at Wikimedia Commons

allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichij%C5%8Dten