Jethro is a male given name meaning "Friend of God". It is derived from the Hebrew word Yithrô.

• Kenneth C. "Jethro" Burns (1920–1989), mandolin player in satirical country music duo Homer and Jethro
• Jethro Franklin (born 1965), American football coach
• Jethro J. McCullough (1810–1878), American politician and businessman
• Jethro Pugh (1944–2015), American football player
• Jethro Justinian Harris Teall (1849–1924), British geologist
• Jethro Tull (agriculturist) (1674–1741), British agricultural pioneer
• Jethro Sumner (1733–1785), officer in the American Continental Army
• Jetro Willems (born 1994), Dutch footballer
• Jethro (comedian) (1948–2021), British stand-up comedian, born Geoffrey Rowe

• Jethro (biblical figure), the father-in-law of Moses
  • Yitro (parsha)
  • Jethro in rabbinic literature
  • Shuaib (Jethro in Islam)

• Jethro, a character in OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes
• Jethro, a character in the game GTA: San Andreas
• Jethro (Jerom in the original version), a character in the Belgian comic book series Spike and Suzy
• Jethro Bodine, a character in the American sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies
• Albert Jethro 'A.J.' Chegwidden, a character in JAG
• Jethro Creighton, a character in the novel Across Five Aprils
• Jethro Cane, a character in the Doctor Who episode "Midnight"
• Leroy Jethro Gibbs, a character in NCIS
• Jethro Q. Walrustitty, a character in the Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch "Election Night Special"
• Jethro West, a character in Outrageous Fortune
• Jethro, a character in Micro Machines V3
• Jethro "Jet" Bradley, a character in the video game Tron 2.0
• Jethro Jefferson, a character in the Discworld novel Snuff

• Jethro Tull (band), a mainly 20th-century multiple gold-and-platinum record-releasing British rock group named after the agriculturalist