DescriptionBattle of Hunayn (630 CE) - Schematic Map.svg
English: Battle of Hunayn (630 CE) - Schematic Map
A schematic map illustrating the Battle of Hunayn (630 CE/8 AH), a pivotal conflict in early Islamic history fought between the Muslim army led by Prophet Muhammad and a coalition of Hawazin and Thaqif tribes. The battle occurred in the narrow, mountainous Hunayn Valley (modern-day Saudi Arabia), northeast of Mecca, shortly after the Muslim conquest of Mecca.
Key Features of the Map:
Terrain: Depicts the rugged valley, steep mountain slopes, and a dry riverbed (wadi ) where the Hawazin coalition ambushed the Muslim forces.
Forces:
Muslim Army: ~12,000 troops (green banners), including cavalry led by Khalid ibn al-Walid.
Hawazin/Thaqif Coalition: ~20,000 warriors (red/brown banners), commanded by Malik ibn Awf and Durayd ibn al-Simma.
Phases:
Ambush: Hawazin archers and cavalry attack from elevated positions, triggering a Muslim retreat.
Rallying: Prophet Muhammad and Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib regroup fleeing troops near a rocky hill.
Counterattack: Muslim cavalry flanks the coalition, leading to their defeat.
Date
Source
Primary Sources:
Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi (Book of Expeditions), trans. R. C. Hoyland (2021).
Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah (Life of the Prophet of Allah), trans. A. Guillaume (1955).
Secondary Sources:
Watt, W. Montgomery, Muhammad at Medina (1956).
Donner, Fred M., The Early Islamic Conquests (1981).
Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., s.v. "Hunayn" (Brill, 2023).
Note: This map is a hypothetical reconstruction based on historical accounts. Exact troop movements and terrain details are inferred from early Islamic chronicles.
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