Cyclohexylamine

Cyclohexylamine[1]
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Cyclohexanamine
Other names
Aminocyclohexane
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.300 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-629-0
KEGG
RTECS number
  • GX0700000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2 checkY
    Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
    Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYAP
  • NC1CCCCC1
Properties
C6H13N
Molar mass 99.17
Appearance clear to yellowish liquid
Odor strong, fishy, amine odor
Density 0.8647 g/cm3
Melting point −17.7 °C (0.1 °F; 255.5 K)
Boiling point 134.5 °C (274.1 °F; 407.6 K)
Miscible
Solubility very soluble in ethanol, oil
miscible in ethers, acetone, esters, alcohol, ketones
Vapor pressure 11 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Acidity (pKa) 10.64[3]
1.4565
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H226, H302, H312, H314, H361
P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
3
0
Flash point 28.6 °C (83.5 °F; 301.8 K)
293 °C (559 °F; 566 K)
Explosive limits 1.5–9.4%[2]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
156 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.

It is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g. cyclamate)

Preparation

Cyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:[4]

C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2

It is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Applications

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.[5]

Drugs List

It is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators). Most of the drugs in the following list fall into the arena of sulfonamide hypoglycemics though:

U-37883A

Toxicity

Cyclohexylamine has a low acute toxicity with LD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kg[28] Like other amines, it is corrosive.

Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.[2]

References

  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2735.
  2. ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0168". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ H. K. Hall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1957) 79 5441.
  4. ^ Eller, Karsten; Henkes, Erhard; Rossbacher, Roland; Höke, Hartmut (2005). "Amines, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_001. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
  5. ^ Apps, E. A. (1958). Printing Ink Technology. London: Leonard Hill [Books] Limited. pp. ix.
  6. ^ Moga Antonio Carmelo Dr Marin, Barra Emilia Francia, DE2440596 (1975 to Uriach & Cia Sa J ).
  7. ^ Dillard, R. D., Poore, Gerald., Cassady, D. R., Easton, N. R. (1 January 1967). "Acetylenic Carbamates. A New Class of Potential Oncolytic Agents". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (1): 40–44. doi:10.1021/jm00313a008. ISSN 1520-4804 0022-2623, 1520-4804. Retrieved 10 December 2025. {{cite journal}}: Check |issn= value (help)
  8. ^ Donald R Cassady, Robert D Dillard, Nelson R Easton, U.S. patent 3,436,402 (1966 to Lilly Co Eli).
  9. ^ , GB772721 (1957 to Bayer Pharma AG).
  10. ^ De Angelis, L. (1986). "Esaprazole hydrochloride". Drugs of the Future. 11 (4): 263. doi:10.1358/dof.1986.011.04.64815. ISSN 0377-8282. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
  11. ^ DE2702537 idem Camillo Corvi-Mora, U.S. patent 4,123,530 (1978 both to Camillo Corvi S.P.A.).
  12. ^ Hulinská, H., Polívka, Z., Jílek, J., Šindelář, K., Holubek, J., Svátek, E., Matoušová, O., Buděšínský, M., Frycová, H., Protiva, M. (1988). "Experimental antiulcer agents: N-substituted 2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)acetamides as pirenzepine models and some related compounds". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications. 53 (8): 1820–1844. doi:10.1135/cccc19881820.
  13. ^ GB2024221 idem Rudi Weyer, Volker Hitzel, Karl Geisen, Gunter Regitz, U.S. patent 4,282,239 (1981 to Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft).
  14. ^ Plümpe H, Horstmann H, Puls W (March 1974). "[Isoxazolecarboxamidoalkylbenzolesulfonylurea, -semicarbazide and -aminopyrimidine as well as related compounds and their blood sugar reducing activity]". Arzneimittel-Forschung (in German). 24: 363–74. PMID 4408067.
  15. ^ Giorgio D Alo, FR2459237 (1983 to WASSERMANN SpA A).
  16. ^ Dr. Walter Aumüller und Heinz Herr, DE1075588B (1960 to Farbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft vormals Meister Lucius & Brüning,).
  17. ^ Breuer, H. et al, Chim. Ther., 1973, 8, 659.
  18. ^ Hoehn Hans, Breuer Hermann, U.S. patent 3,097,242 (1963 to Olin Corp).
  19. ^ Marshall, F. J., Sigal, M. V., Sullivan, H. R., Cesnik, C., Root, M. A. (January 1963). "Further Studies on N-Arylsulfonyl-N'-alkylureas". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (1): 60–63. doi:10.1021/jm00337a014. ISSN 1520-4804 0022-2623, 1520-4804. Retrieved 10 December 2025. {{cite journal}}: Check |issn= value (help)
  20. ^ Akita, H., Kurashima, K., Nozawa, M., Yamamura, S., Seri, K., Imamura, Y. (December 1998). "Determination of absolute configuration of a metabolite (−)-hydroxyhexamide from acetohexamide, syntheses of (−)- and (+)-hydroxyhexamides and (−)- and (+)-acetoxyhexamides". Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 9 (24): 4331–4340. doi:10.1016/S0957-4166(98)00436-4.
  21. ^ Castañer, J., Arrigoni-Martelli, E. (1981). "Timegadine". Drugs of the Future. 6 (6): 369. doi:10.1358/dof.1981.006.06.67124. ISSN 0377-8282. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
  22. ^ Rachlin, S., Bramm, E., Ahnfelt-Roenne, I., Arrigoni-Martelli, E. (January 1980). "Basic antiinflammatory compounds. N,N',N''-Trisubstituted guanidines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 23 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1021/jm00175a004.
  23. ^ Schneur Vaerloese Dk Rachlin, Edoardo Farum Dk Arrigoni-Martelli, DE2847792 (1988 to Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Loevens Kemiske Fabrik Produktionsaktieselskab), Ballerup, Dk).
  24. ^ Marshall, F., Sigal, Jr., M. (June 1958). "Notes - Some N-Arylculfonyl-N '-alkylureas". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 23 (6): 927–929. doi:10.1021/jo01100a622.
  25. ^ Donald W. DuCharme & Louis L. Skaletzky, U.S. patent 4,007,181 (1977 to Upjohn Co).
  26. ^ Kaushik D. Meisheri & Loretta A. Cipkus, WO1988008295 (to Pharmacia and Upjohn Co).
  27. ^ Teramoto N (2006). "Pharmacological Profile of U-37883A, a Channel Blocker of Smooth Muscle-Type ATP-Sensitive K Channels". Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. 24 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00025.x. PMID 16939631.
  28. ^ The Merck Index, 10th Ed. (1983) p.392, Rahway: Merck & Co.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclohexylamine