3C 334 is a powerful radio-loud quasar located in the constellation of Hercules, about 5.2 billion light years away from Earth.[1] It has a redshift of (z) 0.555.[2][3] First discovered as an astronomical radio source in 1965,[4] the object is classified as a lobe-dominated quasar showing signs of superluminal motion.[5]

Description

3C 334 is found to be located inside a dense cluster environment.[6] It has a sharp bounded northern radio lobe with a plume extension in the south while the southern radio lobe on the other hand, is weakly brightened with a much faint lobe emission.[7] There is also a trail of radio emission found leading towards a diffused hotspot, possibly interpreted as a counter-jet. A southern jet can be seen going straight before curving eastwards to a hotspot region, based on Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network and Very Large Array observation imaging.[8] Low brightness emission is also present between the object's lobes and the radio core.[9] There is a knot described as elongated, connecting to the hotspot via a weak emission bridge.[7]

The host galaxy of the object has an elongated appearance. Based on observations, the host has twisted isotopes with an arc-like structure to the south direction evidently detected by its oxygen atom (O II) emission.[10]

The object shows a variation period of 15 years indicating blazar behavior.[11] In February 1997, it was found to be in a stable state but however its brightness faded by 0.05 magnitude after 2.5 hours.[12] According to high resolution centimeter-millimeter observations, its core is found to have substantial variability, exhibiting core flux density values of 5 GHz which was measured during the past 20 years.[13] Extended X-ray emission was also found emitting from the object with its 60ɥm luminosity measured as 1046 erg s-1.[14] The pressure of the emission from within its emission-line region has a value exceeding 6 x 105 cm-3 Kelvin.[15] Emission line imaging also showed the object having a bar-shaped nebula that is located at position angle of 150°.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database results for 3C 334". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  2. ^ Varano, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Capetti, A. (2004-11-26). "The nuclear radio-optical properties of intermediate-redshift FR II radio galaxies and quasars" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 428 (2): 401–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0407307. Bibcode:2004A&A...428..401V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040303. ISSN 0004-6361.
  3. ^ Marecki, A. (2012-09-01). "Are 3C 249.1 and 3C 334 restarted quasars?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A132. arXiv:1209.1284. Bibcode:2012A&A...545A.132M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220010. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ^ Burbidge, E. Margaret (1965). "Redshifts of the Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources 3c 334, 3c 345, 3c 380, and a Discussion of the Possible Redshift of 3c 446". The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 1674. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142.1674B. doi:10.1086/148459. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Hough, D. H.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Wood, D. A., Jr.; Feldmeier, J. J. (1992). "Three-epoch VLBI observations of the nucleus in the lobe-dominated quasar 3C 334". The Astrophysical Journal. 393: 81. Bibcode:1992ApJ...393...81H. doi:10.1086/171486. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Crawford, C. S.; Vanderriest, C. (2000-07-01). "Optical integral field spectroscopy of the extended line emission around six radio-loud quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 315 (3): 433–449. arXiv:astro-ph/9912306. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.315..433C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03290.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ^ a b Bridle, Alan H.; Hough, David H.; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Burns, Jack O.; Laing, Robert A. (1994-09-01). "Deep VLA Imaging of Twelve Extended 3CR Quasars". The Astronomical Journal. 108: 766. Bibcode:1994AJ....108..766B. doi:10.1086/117112. ISSN 0004-6256.
  8. ^ Gilbert, G. M.; Riley, J. M.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Croston, J. H.; Pooley, G. G.; Alexander, P. (2004). "High-resolution observations of a complete sample of 27 FR II radio galaxies and quasars with 0.3 <z< 0.6". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 351 (3): 845–890. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.351..845G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07824.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ Bogers, W. J.; Hes, R.; Barthel, P. D.; Zensus, J. A. (1994-05-01). "High resolution radio observations of intermediate redshift quasars and radio galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 105: 91–113. Bibcode:1994A&AS..105...91B. ISSN 0365-0138.
  10. ^ Márquez, I.; Petitjean, P.; Théodore, B.; Bremer, M.; Monnet, G.; Beuzit, J.-L. (2001-05-01). "Adaptive optics imaging of low and intermediate redshift quasars" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 371 (1): 97–106. arXiv:astro-ph/0103232. Bibcode:2001A&A...371...97M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010359. ISSN 0004-6361.
  11. ^ Guibin, Jia; Xuefen, Cen; Huiyu, Ma; Wang, Jiancheng (1997). "Variability in blazars". Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series. 128: 315–324.
  12. ^ de Diego, J. A.; Dultzin-Hacyan, D.; Ramirez, A.; Benitez, E. (1998). "A Comparative Study of the Microvariability Properties in Radio-loud and Radio-quiet Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 501 (1): 69–81. Bibcode:1998ApJ...501...69D. doi:10.1086/305817. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ van Bemmel, Ilse M.; Barthel, Peter D.; Yun, Min S. (1998-06-01). "Nature of 60mu M emission in 3C 47, 3C 207 and 3C 334". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 334: 799–804. arXiv:astro-ph/9803210. Bibcode:1998A&A...334..799V. ISSN 0004-6361.
  14. ^ Setti, G.; Brunetti, G.; Comastri, A. (2002). "Extended X-ray Emission from FRIIs and RL Quasars". Symposium - International Astronomical Union. 199: 227–230. arXiv:astro-ph/0002225. doi:10.1017/s0074180900168986. ISSN 0074-1809.
  15. ^ Crawford, C. S.; Lehmann, I.; Fabian, A. C.; Bremer, M. N.; Hasinger, G. (1999-10-01). "Detection of X-ray emission from the host clusters of 3CR quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 308 (4): 1159–1172. arXiv:astro-ph/9904371. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.308.1159C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02804.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  16. ^ McCarthy, Patrick J.; Spinrad, Hyron; van Breugel, Wil (1996). "Emission-Line Imaging of 3CR Radio Galaxies. I. Imaging Data". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 99: 27. Bibcode:1996A&A...313..423H. doi:10.1086/192178. ISSN 0067-0049.

3C 334 on SIMBAD

Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_334
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