Events from the year 1810 in France.

• Emperor – Napoleon I^[1]

• 6 January - Treaty of Paris ends war between France and Sweden.
• 10 January - Marriage of Napoleon and Joséphine de Beauharnais is annulled.

• 11 March - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria.
• 26 April - Peninsular War: Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo begins. Spanish garrison besieged by French forces.
• 9 July - Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland.
• 9 July - Peninsular War: Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo ends in French victory.
• 24 July - Peninsular War: Battle of the Côa.
• 25 July - Peninsular War: Siege of Almeida begins. French lay siege to British and Portuguese forces.
• 20 August - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Grand Port, Mauritius. French victory over British fleet.
• 21 August - One of Napoleon's marshals, Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, was elected crown prince of Sweden.
• 27 August - Peninsular War: Siege of Almeida ends with French victory.
• 27 September - Battle of Bussaco, Anglo-Portuguese victory over the French.
• Peugeot engineering business established.
• Dominique Larrey makes the first ambulances.
• 5 November – Salon of 1810 opens at the Louvre in Paris

• 17 January - Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio, painter (died 1871)
• 21 January - Pierre Louis Charles de Failly, General (died 1892)
• 4 February - Alexis Soyer, chef (died 1858 in the United Kingdom)
• 8 February - Eliphas Levi, occult author and magician (died 1875)
• 25 March - Pierre-Jules Mêne, sculptor (died 1879)
• 4 April - Désirée Gay, socialist feminist (died c.1891)
• 8 April - Hégésippe Moreau, poet (died 1838)
• 13 April - Félicien-César David, composer (died 1876)
• 23 April - Eugène Belgrand,

engineer (died 1878)

• 28 June - Célestin Joseph Félix, Jesuit (died 1891)

• 14 July - Aristide Boucicaut, creator of Le Bon Marché department stores (died 1877)
• 21 July - Henri Victor Regnault, chemist and physicist (died 1878)
• 4 August - Maurice de Guérin, poet (died 1839)
• 15 August - Louise Colet, poet (died 1876)^[2]
• 12 September - Ernest Courtot de Cissey, General (died 1882)
• 22 September - Louis-Auguste Desmarres, ophthalmologist (died 1882)
• 29 October - Sophie d'Arbouville, writer (died 1850)
• 8 November - Pierre Bosquet, Marshal of France (died 1861)
• 7 December - Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (died 1882)
• 11 December - Alfred de Musset, dramatist, poet and novelist (died 1857)

• Louise Rosalie Allan-Despreaux, actress (died 1856)
• Baron de César Bazancourt, military historian (died 1865)
• François Edmond Eugène de Barlatier de Mas, naval officer

• 1 March - Jean-Jacques de Boissieu, painter (born 1736)
• 2 May - Jean-Louis Baudelocque, obstetrician (born 1745)
• 21 May - Chevalier d'Eon, diplomat, spy and soldier who lived the first half of her life as a man and the second half as a woman (born 1728)
• 29 May - François-Urbain Domergue, grammarian and journalist (born 1745)
• 26 June - Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, airship inventor (born 1740)

• 12 August - Étienne Louis Geoffroy, entomologist (born 1725)
• 13 August - Jacques-François Menou, General (born 1750)
• 19 October - Jean-Georges Noverre, dancer and balletmaster (born 1727)
• 23 October - Jean Baptiste Marie Franceschi-Delonne, General (born 1767)
• 26 October - Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont, Artillery General (born 1769)
• 1 December - Jean Baptiste Treilhard, politician (born 1742)
• 8 December - Ange-François Fariau, poet and translator (born 1747)

• Charles-Claude Flahaut de la Billaderie, comte d'Angiviller, director of the Bâtiments du Roi (born 1730)
• François Cabarrus, adventurer (born 1752)
• Esprit Calvet, physician and collector (born 1728)
• Antoine-Denis Chaudet, sculptor (born 1763)
• Jean-Marie Morel, architect and surveyor (born 1728)
• François Péron, naturalist and explorer (born 1775)