Sikhote-Alin

Sikhote-Alin
Sikhote-Alin is the home to the Amur tiger, which is amongst the largest felines in the world[1]
Highest point
PeakTordoki Yani, Russia
Elevation2,090 m (6,860 ft)
Coordinates45°20′N 136°10′E / 45.333°N 136.167°E / 45.333; 136.167
Dimensions
Length900 km (560 mi)
Width500 km (310 mi)
Naming
Native nameСихотэ́-Али́нь (Russian)
Geography
Sikhote-Alin is located in Russia
Sikhote-Alin
Sikhote-Alin
Official nameCentral Sikhote-Alin
TypeNatural
Criteriax
Designated2001 (25th session)
Reference no.766
RegionEurope and Asia

The Sikhote-Alin (/ˈsiːkəˌteɪ əˈliːn/, SEE-kə-TAY ə-LEEN; Russian: Сихотэ́-Али́нь, Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪxɐˈtɛ ɐˈlʲinʲ]) is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Russia, extending about 900 kilometres (560 mi) to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok. The highest summits are Tordoki Yani at 2,077 metres (6,814 ft) above sea level, Ko Mountain (2,003 metres (6,572 ft)) in Khabarovsk Krai and Anik Mountain (1,933 metres (6,342 ft)) in Primorsky Krai.

Geography

Sikhote-Alin is a temperate zone, though species typical of northern taiga (such as reindeer and the Ussuri brown bear) coexist with the Amur tiger, Amur leopard, and Asiatic black bear. The region holds very few wolves, due to competition with tigers.[2] The longest-lived tree in the region is a millennium-old Japanese yew.[3] It is the only known habitat of Sikhotealinia, the only living member of the beetle family Jurodidae, which have been described as the “most mysterious representatives of beetles” due to their uncertain placement within the group.[4]

Many tributaries of the Amur River lie within the range, including the Gur.[5]

The core zone can only be explored in a company of rangers.[citation needed]

History

The name might be Manchu for "coastal ridge".,[6] or Nanai for "foresty mountains".[7]

In the 1910s and 1920s, Sikhote-Alin was extensively explored by Russian geographer and naturalist Vladimir Arsenyev (1872–1930), who described his adventures in several books, notably Dersu Uzala (1923), which in 1975 was turned into an Oscar-winning film by Akira Kurosawa. Largely due to his exploration and advocacy, the large Sikhote-Alin and Lazo wildlife refuges were set up in 1935 to preserve the region's unusual wildlife.

On February 12, 1947, one of the largest meteorite showers in recent history occurred in the mountains range. The Sikhote-Alin meteorite exploded in the atmosphere as it fell, raining many tons of metal on an elliptical region about 1.3 km2 (0.50 mi2) in area. Craters were formed by the meteorites; the largest was 26 m (85 ft) in diameter.

In 2001, UNESCO placed "Central Sikhote-Alin" onto the World Heritage List, citing its importance for "the survival of endangered species such as the scaly-sided (Chinese) merganser, Blakiston's fish-owl and the Amur tiger". The World Heritage Site had a total area of 16,319 km2 (4,033,000 acres), of which the terrestrial core zone of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik comprised 3,985 km2 (985,000 acres).[8] In 2018, the World Heritage Site was expanded by 11,605 km2 (2,868,000 acres) by including Bikin National Park under the name "Bikin River Valley".[9]

Notable summits

Tordoki Yani

Tordoki Yani
Highest point
Elevation2,090 m (6,860 ft)
Prominence1,989 m (6,526 ft)
ListingUltra, Ribu
Geography
LocationKhabarovsk Krai, Russia

Tordoki Yani or Tardoki Yani (Russian: Тордоки-Яни) is the highest peak of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains. It is located in the southeast of Khabarovsk Krai to the north of the border of Primorsky Krai. It is a table mountain and rises to an elevation of 2,090 m[10][11] (2077 at GSE[12]). The mountain is the source of the river Anyuy.[13]

Ko Mountain

Ko Mountain
Highest point
Elevation2,004 m (6,575 ft)[14]
Prominence1,196 m (3,924 ft)
ListingRibu
Geography
LocationKhabarovsk Krai, Russia

Ko (Russian: Ко) is the second-highest point of the range. It is located in the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai near the border of Primorsky Krai, Russia.

It sits at 2,004 m above sea level.[15] The mountain's name is from the udege language, meaning witch.[clarification needed][16]

Anik Mountain

Anik Mountain
Highest point
Elevation1,933 m (6,342 ft)
Geography
LocationPrimorsky Krai, Russia

Anik Mountain (Russian: гора Аник) is the third highest peak in the range as well as the highest peak of Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the north of Primorsky Krai on the border with Khabarovsk Krai.[17]

  • Ko Mountain
    Ko Mountain
  • Anik Mountain
    Anik Mountain

References

  1. ^ Slaght, J. C., D. G. Miquelle, I. G. Nikolaev, J. M. Goodrich, E. N. Smirnov, K. Traylor-Holzer, S. Christie, T. Arjanova, J. L. D. Smith, Karanth, K. U. (2005) Chapter 6. Who's king of the beasts? Historical and recent body weights of wild and captive Amur tigers, with comparisons to other subspecies. Pages 25–35 in: Miquelle, D.G., Smirnov, E.N., Goodrich, J.M. (Eds.) Tigers in Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation. PSP, Vladivostok, Russia (in Russian)
  2. ^ "Tigers and Wolves in the Russian Far East: Competitive Exclusion, Functional Redundancy, and Conservation Implications". savethetigerfund.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  3. ^ "Сервер Правительства Хабаровского края - Туризм и отдых - Достопримечательности края - Туристические комплексы - Памятник природы "Сихотэ - Алинь". Центр реабилитации диких животных "УТЕС"". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-09-29. Nature Monument "Sikhote - Alin". Center for Wildlife Rehabilitation "UTES" (in Russian)
  4. ^ Yan, Evgeny V.; Wang, Bo; Ponomarenko, Alexander G.; Zhang, Haichun (2014). "The most mysterious beetles: Jurassic Jurodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from China" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 25 (1): 214–225. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.04.002.
  5. ^ Water of Russia - Гур
  6. ^ "Происхождение названия гор Сихотэ-Алинь" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  7. ^ "Мельников А. В. Географические названия Дальнего Востока России" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  8. ^ "Central Sikhote-Alin - Russian Federation" (PDF).[permanent dead link] United Nations Environment Programme
  9. ^ "Bikin River Valley". UNESCO. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  10. ^ Атлас Хабаровского края, ФГУП «Дальневосточное аэрогеодезическое предприятие» 2004 год
  11. ^ Малый атлас мира ISBN 5-85576-095-2
  12. ^ Сихотэ-Алинь (Sikhote-Alin) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) – via Great Scientific Library
  13. ^ Река Анюй Archived 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ https://peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10732
  15. ^ Атлас Хабаровского края, ФГУП «Дальневосточное аэрогеодезическое предприятие» 2004 год
  16. ^ Малый атлас мира ISBN 5-85576-095-2
  17. ^ Атлас Хабаровского края, ФГУП «Дальневосточное аэрогеодезическое предприятие» 2004 год
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhote_Alin