Outline of Thailand

The Emblem of Thailand depicting the Garuda

An enlargeable map of the Kingdom of Thailand

The following outline is an overview of and topical guide to Thailand:

Thailand is a sovereign nation in the center of Mainland Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Andaman Sea, between Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, surrounds the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia to the south. It was formerly called Siam until 1939. As of 2023, it is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Important former Thai kingdoms are Sukhothai, Ayutthaya and Rattanakosin. It had an absolute monarchy for centuries. The first constitution was established in 1932. The monarchy and military have periodically intervened in politics. Thailand experienced rapid economic growth between 1985 and 1996, becoming a newly industrialized country and a major exporter. Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy. Thailand was a founding member of ASEAN in 1967,^[1] and the country's HDI has been rated as "high" to "very high" (Central Thailand) in 2022.^[2] The population of Thailand was 65.95 million in January 2025.^[3] The official language is Thai. The Thai people form the majority among 70 ethnic groups. Thailand is the 50th largest country and 3rd largest country in Southeast Asia after Indonesia and Myanmar.^[4] There are 6 regions of Thailand. The geography is diverse: Northern and Western Thailand are mountainous, Central Thailand is the heartland with the Chao Phraya River Basin, Northeastern Thailand has the arid Khorat Plateau, Eastern Thailand is coastal with a mountainous interior, while Southern Thailand is narrow with long coastlines.

General reference

Pronunciation: /ˈtaɪlænd/
Thai: [pratʰêːt tʰaj]
Common English country names: Thailand, archaic Siam
Official English country name: The Kingdom of Thailand
Common endonym(s): Prathet Thai, Thai (ประเทศไทย, ไทย)
Official endonym(s): Ratcha-anachak Thai (ราชอาณาจักรไทย)
Adjectival(s): Thai
Demonym(s): Thai
Etymology: Name of Thailand
International rankings of Thailand
ISO country codes: TH, THA, 764
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TH
Internet country code top-level domain: .th

Geography of Thailand

Thailand is: a country
Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
  - Asia
    - Southeast Asia
      - Mainland Southeast Asia
- Time zone: Indochina Time (UTC+07)
- Extreme points of Thailand
  - North: Mae Sai district (20°28′N 99°57′E / 20.467°N 99.950°E / 20.467; 99.950)
  - South: Betong district (5°37′N 101°8′E / 5.617°N 101.133°E / 5.617; 101.133)
  - East: Khong Chiam district (15°38′N 105°38′E / 15.633°N 105.633°E / 15.633; 105.633)
  - West: Mae Sariang district (18°34′N 97°21′E / 18.567°N 97.350°E / 18.567; 97.350)
  - High: Doi Inthanon 2,565 m (8,415 ft)
  - Low: Andaman Sea −3,000 m (−9,843 ft)
- Land boundaries: 4,863 km (3,022 mi)

Myanmar 1,800 km (1,100 mi)

Laos 1,754 km (1,090 mi)

Cambodia 803 km (499 mi)

Malaysia 506 km (314 mi)

Coastline: 3,219 km (2,000 mi)

Population of Thailand: 65,975,198 people^[3] (8 Jan 2025 estimate) - 22th most populous country
Area of Thailand: 513,115 km² (198,115 sq mi) - 49th largest country
Time in Thailand
- Thai lunar calendar
- Thai solar calendar
Atlas of Thailand

Environment of Thailand

Natural geographic features of Thailand

Regions of Thailand

Economic regions

Eastern seaboard of Thailand

Ecoregions of Thailand

Administrative divisions of Thailand

Provinces of Thailand
- Districts of Thailand
  - Tambon ("commune" or "subdistrict")
    - Thesaban ("municipality")
    - Muban ("village")

Provinces of Thailand

Thailand is divided into 76 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat) and the metropolitan municipality Bangkok (กรุงเทพมหานคร, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon).

North

Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)
Chiang Rai (เชียงราย)
Lampang (ลำปาง)
Lamphun (ลำพูน)
Mae Hong Son (แม่ฮ่องสอน)
Nan (น่าน)
Phayao (พะเยา)
Phrae (แพร่)
Uttaradit (อุตรดิตถ์)

West

Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี)
Phetchaburi (เพชรบุรี)
Prachuap Khiri Khan (ประจวบคีรีขันธ์)
Ratchaburi (ราชบุรี)
Tak (ตาก)

Northeast

Amnat Charoen (อำนาจเจริญ)
Bueng Kan (บึงกาฬ)
Buri Ram (บุรีรัมย์)
Chaiyaphum (ชัยภูมิ)
Kalasin (กาฬสินธุ์)
Khon Kaen (ขอนแก่น)
Loei (เลย)
Maha Sarakham (มหาสารคาม)
Mukdahan (มุกดาหาร)
Nakhon Phanom (นครพนม)
Nakhon Ratchasima (นครราชสีมา)
Nong Bua Lamphu (หนองบัวลำภู)
Nong Khai (หนองคาย)
Roi Et (ร้อยเอ็ด)
Sakon Nakhon (สกลนคร)
Si Sa Ket (ศรีสะเกษ)
Surin (สุรินทร์)
Ubon Ratchathani (อุบลราชธานี)
Udon Thani (อุดรธานี)
Yasothon (ยโสธร)

Central

Ang Thong (อ่างทอง)
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province (พระนครศรีอยุธยา)
Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon), self-governing district (กรุงเทพ ฯ)
Chai Nat (ชัยนาท)
Kamphaeng Phet (กำแพงเพชร)
Lopburi (ลพบุรี)
Nakhon Nayok (นครนายก)
Nakhon Pathom (นครปฐม)
Nakhon Sawan (นครสวรรค์)
Nonthaburi (นนทบุรี)
Pathum Thani (ปทุมธานี)
Phetchabun (เพชรบูรณ์)
Phichit (พิจิตร)
Phitsanulok (พิษณุโลก)
Sukhothai (สุโขทัย)
Samut Prakan (สมุทรปราการ)
Samut Sakhon (สมุทรสาคร)
Samut Songkhram (สมุทรสงคราม)
Saraburi (สระบุรี)
Sing Buri (สิงห์บุรี)
Suphan Buri (สุพรรณบุรี)
Uthai Thani (อุทัยธานี)

East

Chachoengsao (ฉะเชิงเทรา)
Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี)
Chonburi (ชลบุรี)
Prachin Buri (ปราจีนบุรี)
Rayong (ระยอง)
Sa Kaeo (สระแก้ว)
Trat (ตราด)

South

Chumphon (ชุมพร)
Krabi (กระบี่)
Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช)
Narathiwat (นราธิวาส)
Pattani (ปัตตานี)
Phang Nga (พังงา)
Phatthalung (พัทลุง)
Phuket (ภูเก็ต)
Ranong (ระนอง)
Satun (สตูล)
Songkhla (สงขลา)
Surat Thani (สุราษฎร์ธานี)
Trang (ตรัง)
Yala (ยะลา)

Districts of Thailand

Altogether Thailand has 877 districts (อำเภอ; Amphoe), not including the 50 districts of Bangkok which are called khet (เขต) since the Bangkok administration reform in 1972.