This work is in the public domain in its source country for the following reason:
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This work was first published in the Philippines and is now in the public domain because its copyright protection has expired. The work meets one of the criteria below.
It is an anonymous or pseudonymous work and 50 years have passed since the year of its publication or (if unpublished) making;
It is an audiovisual or photographic work and 50 years have passed since the year of its publication or (if unpublished) making;
It is a work of applied art and 25 years have passed since the year of its making; or
It is another kind of work, and 50 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author).
It is a work made or published before November 14, 1972. By virtue of the Act No. 3134 (1924) and the Memorandum Circular No. 021-2023 which provides for non-retroactivity of any copyright extension that has occurred since 1972:
It is a work with registered copyright and this copyright was not renewed, and 30 years have passed since the year of its copyright registration;
It is a work in series or having several volumes or component parts registered at intervals, and 40 years have passed since the year the copyright for the first series or volume or component part has been registered; or
It is a work in which its copyright registration was renewed, and 50 years have passed since the death of the author.
Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the rule of the shorter term and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 50 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, Switzerland and the United States are 70 years, and Venezuela is 60 years.
This work is in the public domain in the United States for the following reason:
