List of Pelecaniformes by population

This is a list of Pelecaniformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 118 species of Pelecaniformes, seven of which are extinct.[1] As of December 2025, IUCN/BirdLife International have assessed 111 of these species (excepting dimorphic egret, splits from striated heron, the split of cattle egret, and the extinct Ascension night heron). This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names/taxonomic statuses are noted.

Several species listed as members of Pelecaniformes are extinct:

  • New Zealand bittern (Botaurus novaezealandiae) - last seen in 1890.[3] IUCN/BirdLife International place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.
  • Ascension night heron (Nycticorax olsoni) - likely went extinct circa 1500.[5] Not listed by IUCN/BirdLife International.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
White-bellied heron Ardea insignis 50-249[9] CR[9] Decrease[9] Total population is estimated to be 70-400 individuals.
Dwarf ibis

(São Tomé ibis)

Bostrychia bocagei 130-1,700[10] CR[10] Decrease[10] Estimate calculated from density and area estimates. Total population estimated to be 190-2,500 individuals.[10]
Giant ibis Thaumatibis gigantea 194[11] CR[11] Decrease[11] Minimum estimate. Total population estimated to be 290 individuals.[11]
Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita 200-249[12] EN[12] Steady[12] Estimate for mature individuals only. Species is considered regionally extinct in Europe.[12]
Asian crested ibis

(Crested ibis)

Nipponia nippon 330[13] EN[13] Increase[13] Total population estimated to be 550 individuals.[13]
White-shouldered ibis Pseudibis davisoni 670[14] CR[14] Decrease[14] Minimum estimate. Estimate for total population is 1,000 individuals.[14]
Malagasy pond heron Ardeola idae 1,000-2,499[15] EN[15] Decrease[15] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[15]
Australasian bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 1,000-2,499[16] VU[16] Decrease[16]
Madagascar heron

(Humblot's heron)

Ardea humbloti 1,290-1,500[17] EN[17] Decrease[17] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[17]
Malayan night heron Gorsachius melanolophus 1,300-13,000[18] LC[19] ?[19] Population on most recent IUCN assessment (2025) Is unknown.[19]

Values retained from 2016 assessment.[18]

Forest bittern Zonerodius heliosylus 1,500-7,000[20] NT[20] Decrease[20] Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals.[20]
White-eared night heron Oroanassa magnifica 1,500-15,000[21] NT[21] Decrease[21]
Malagasy sacred ibis Threskiornis bernieri 1,733-2,166[22] EN[22] Decrease[22] Total population is estimated to be 2,600-3,250 individuals.[22]
Slaty egret Egretta vinaceigula 2,500-3,000[23] VU[23] Decrease[23] Total population is estimated to be 3,000-5,000 individuals.[23]
Madagascar crested ibis

(Madagascar ibis)

Lophotibis cristata 2,500-9,999[24] VU[24] Decrease[24] Total population is estimated to be <10,000 individuals.[24]
Andean ibis Theristicus branickii 2,500-9,999[25] NT[25] Decrease[25] Total population is estimate to be 4,250-13,400 individuals.[25]
Schrenck's bittern

(Von Schrenk's bittern)

Botaurus eurhythmus 2,500-25,000[26] NT[26] Decrease[26] Total population estimated to be 1,000-50,000 individuals.[26]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor 3,000-5,100[27] VU[27] Steady[27] Total population estimated to be 6,500-7,500 individuals.[27]
Shoebill Balaeniceps rex 3,300-5,300[28] VU[28] Decrease[28] Total population estimated to be 5,000-8,000 individuals.[28]
Chinese egret Egretta eulophotes 4,000-6,000[29] VU[29] Decrease[29] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[29]
Japanese night heron Gorsachius goisagi 5,000-9,999[30] VU[30] Decrease[30] Total population is estimated to be 7,500-15,000 individuals.[30]
Reddish egret Egretta rufescens 5,000-9,999[31] NT[31] Decrease[31] Estimate for mature individuals only.[31]
Puna ibis Plegadis ridgwayi 5,000-20,000[32] LC[32] Steady[32] Population estimate is highly uncertain.[32]
Yellow-billed spoonbill Platalea flavipes 6,600-16,600[33] LC[33] Steady[33] Total population is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 individuals.[33]
White-necked heron Ardea pacifica 6,700-16,700[34] LC[34] Steady[34] Total population is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 individuals.[34]
White-faced heron Egretta novaehollandiae 6,700-66,700[35] LC[35] ?[35] Total population is estimated to be 9,999-99,999 individuals.[35]
Rufous-bellied heron Ardeola rufiventris 6,700-66,700[36] LC[36] Increase[36] Total population is estimated to be 10,000-100,000 individuals.[36]
Goliath heron Ardea goliath 6,700-66,700[37] LC[37] Steady[37] Total population is estimated to be 10,070-100,070 individuals.[37]
Southern bald ibis Geronticus calvus 7,000-8,000[38] NT[38] Steady[38] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[38]
Spot-billed pelican Pelecanus philippensis 8,700-12,000[39] NT[39] Decrease[39] Total population is estimated to be 13,000-18,000 individuals.[39]
Australian little bittern

(Black-backed bittern)

Botaurus dubius <10,000[40] LC[40] Decrease[40] Value given is a tentative guess for number of mature individuals.[40]

IUCN/BirdLife International still places species in Ixobrychus.

Agami heron Agamia agami 10,000-25,000[41] NT[41] Decrease[41] Values given are a shaky estimate of number of mature individuals.[41]
Wattled ibis Bostrychia carunculata 10,000-25,000[42] LC[42] ?[42]
Sharp-tailed ibis Cercibis oxycerca 10,000-25,000[43] LC[43] ?[43] Values given are for total population. This estimate is now considered outdated.[43]
Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus 11,400-13,400[44] NT[44] Decrease[44] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[44]
Great-billed heron Ardea sumatrana 11,700-71,700[45] LC[45] Decrease[45] Total population is estimated to be 17,500-107,500 individuals.[45]
Olive ibis Bostrychia olivacea 15,000-45,000[46] LC[46] Decrease[46] Total population is estimated to be <45,000 individuals.[46]
Pied heron Egretta picata 16,700-66,700[47] LC[47] ?[47] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[47]
Black-faced ibis Theristicus melanopis 16,700-66,700[48] LC[48] Steady[48] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[48]
Dwarf bittern Botaurus sturmii 16,700-66,700[49] LC[49] ?[49] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[49]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Black heron Egretta ardesiaca 16,700-66,700[50] LC[50] Increase[50] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[50]
Yellow-billed egret Ardea brachyrhyncha 16,700-66,700[51] LC[51] Increase[51] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[51]
Chinese pond heron Ardeola bacchus 16,700-667,000[52] LC[52] Steady[52] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-1,000,000 individuals.[52]
Rufescent tiger-heron Tigrisoma lineatum 18,000-70,000[53] LC[53] Steady[53] Total population is estimated to be 27,700-105,500 individuals.[53]

Note: the banner population and population description sections of the cited IUCN assessment disagree. Provided values were chosen to be reported based on agreement between mature and total individual estimates.

Fasciated tiger-heron Tigrisoma fasciatum 20,000-49,999[54] LC[54] Decrease[54] Tentative estimate, which is higher than the Wetlands International estimate for total population (c.14,500-17,000 individuals).[54]
African spoonbill Platalea alba 20,700-46,700[55] LC[55] Decrease[55] Total population is estimated to be 31,000-70,000 individuals.[55]
Whistling heron Syrigma sibilatrix 23,300-73,300[56] LC[56] Steady[56] Total population is estimated to be 35,000-110,000 individuals.[56]
Nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus 24,700-743,000[57] LC[57] Steady[57] Total population is estimated to be 37,000-1,113,999 individuals.[57]
White-backed night heron Calherodius leuconotus 25,000-100,000[58] LC[58] Decrease[58] Values given are for total population.[58]
White-crested tiger-heron Tigrionrnis leucolopha 25,000-100,000[59] LC[59] Decrease[59] Values given are for total population.[59]
Royal spoonbill Platalea regia 25,000-100,000[60] LC[60] Steady[60] Values given are for total population. May be an underestimate.[60]
Black bittern Botaurus flavicollis 30,000-214,000[61] LC[61] ?[61] Total population is estimated to be 45,002-320,499 individuals.[61]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Pink-backed pelican Pelecanus rufescens 33,300-66,700[62] LC[62] Steady[62] Total population is estimated to be 50,000-100,000 individuals.[62]
Plumbeous ibis Theristicus caerulescens 33,300-66,700[63] LC[63] Steady[63] Total population is estimated to be 50,000-100,000 individuals.[63]
Buff-necked ibis Theristicus caudatus 33,300-133,000[64] LC[64] Steady[64] Total population is estimate to be 50,000-200,000 individuals.[64]
Western reef-egret

(Western reef heron)

Egretta gularis 36,000-92,700[65] LC[65] Steady[65] Total population is estimated to be 54,000-139,000 individuals.[65]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits one additional species, the dimorphic egret, from this species.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species under E. gularis.[66]

Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus 46,700-200,000[67] LC[67] Steady[67] Total population is estimated to be 70,000-300,000 individuals.[67]
Hadada ibis Bostrychia hagedash 46,700-267,000[68] LC[68] ?[68] Total population is estimated to be 70,000-400,000 individuals.[68]
Capped heron Pilherodius pileatus 50,000-499,999[69] LC[69] Decrease[69] Values given are for total population.[69]
Bare-throated tiger-heron Tigrisoma mexicanum 50,000-499,999[70] LC[70] Decrease[70] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[70]
Pinnated bittern Botaurus pinnatus 50,000-499,999[71] LC[71] Steady[71] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[71]
Green ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 50,000-499,999[72] LC[72] Steady[72] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[72]
Eurasian spoonbill Platelea leucorodia 52,800-63,900[73] LC[73] Increase[73] Total population is estimated to be 79,250-95,850 individuals.[73]
Scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber 66,700-100,000[74] LC[74] Decrease[74] Total population is estimated to be 100,000-150,000 individuals.[74]
Black-headed heron Ardea melanocephala 66,700-333,000[75] LC[75] Decrease[75] Total population is estimated to be 100,000-500,000 individuals.[75]
Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii 66,700-667,000[76] LC[76] ?[76] Total population is estimated to be 99,998-999,998 individuals.[76]
Plumed egret Ardea plumifera 66,700-667,000[77] LC[77] ?[77] Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.[77]
Yellow bittern Botaurus sinensis 66,700-667,000[78] LC[78] ?[78] Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,299 individuals.[78]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja 68,500-171,000[79] LC[79] Steady[79] Total population is estimated to be 102,800-256,800 individuals.[79]
Stripe-backed bittern Botaurus involucris 73,300-683,000[80] LC[80] Steady[80] Total population is estimated to be 110,000-1,025,000 individuals.[80]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Bare-faced ibis Phimosus infuscatus 83,300-733,000[81] LC[81] Steady[81] Total population is estimated to be 124,999-1,099,999 individuals.[81]
Cinnamon bittern Botaurus cinnamomeus 83,300-1,330,000[82] LC[82] ?[82] Total population is estimated to be 125,000-2,000,000 individuals.[82]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Least bittern Botaurus exilis 93,300-106,000[83] LC[83] Increase[83] Total population is estimated to be 139,999-158,999 individuals.[83]

IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 100,000-499,999[84] LC[84] Increase[84] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 450,000.[84]
Straw-necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis 100,000-1,000,000[85] LC[85] Decrease[85] Values given are for total population.[85]
Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus 100,000-1,000,000[86] NT[86] Increase[86] Values given are for total population.[86]
Pacific reef-egret

(Pacific reef heron)

Egretta sacra 100,000-1,000,000[87] LC[87] Steady[87] Values given are for total population.[87]
Hamerkop Scopus umbretta 113,000-743,000[88] LC[88] ?[88] Total population is estimated to be 170,000-1,115,000 individuals.[88]
Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus 119,000-860,000[89] LC[89] Steady[89] Total population is estimated to be 178,500-1,289,499 individuals.[89]
Green-backed heron

(Striated heron)

Butorides striata 173,000-1,500,000[90] LC[90] Steady[90] Total population is estimated to be 260,000-2,300,000 individuals.[90]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits three additional species, green heron, little heron, and lava heron, from this species.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain all four species under B. striata.[66]

Purple heron Ardea purpurea 180,000-380,000[91] LC[91] Decrease[91] Total population is estimated to be 270,000-570,000 individuals.[91]
Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris 184,000-310,000[92] LC[92] Steady[92] Total population is estimated to be 275,699-465,199 individuals.[92]
African sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 200,000-450,000[93] LC[93] Steady[93] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[93]
Spot-breasted ibis Bostrychia rara 200,000-510,000[94] LC[94] Decrease[94] Values given are for total population.[94]
Tricolored heron Egretta tricolor 206,000-219,000[95] LC[95] Decrease[95] Total population is estimated to be 308,350-328,699 individuals.[95]
White ibis

(American white ibis)

Eudocimus albus 210,000-360,000[96] LC[96] Steady[96] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[96]
Black-headed ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus 250,000-500,000[97] LC[97] Increase[97] Total population is estimated to be 400,000-600,000.[97]
Great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus 265,000-295,000[98] LC[98] ?[98] Values given are for total population.[98]
Little blue heron Egretta caerulea 275,000-392,000[99] LC[99] Decrease[99] Total population is estimated to be 413,001-587,400 individuals.[99]
Brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis 300,000[100] LC[100] Increase[100] Values given are for total population.[100]
Squacco heron Ardeola rallodies 370,000-780,000[101] LC[101] Steady[101] Values given are for total population. European subpopulation estimated at 30,000-51,700 mature individuals.[101]
Little egret Egretta garzetta 430,000-2,100,000[102] LC[102] Steady[102] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[102]
Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax 440,000-1,990,000[103] LC[103] ?[103] Total population is estimated to be 663,000-2,985,000 individuals.[103]
Snowy egret Egretta thula 476,000-1,620,000[104] LC[104] Increase[104] Total population is estimated to be 713,800-2,428,000 individuals.[104]
Grey heron Ardea cinerea 500,000-2,500,000[105] LC[105] ?[105] Total population is estimated to be 790,000-3,700,000 individuals.[105]
Great blue heron Ardea herodias 500,000-4,999,999[106] LC[106] Increase[106] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[106]
Boat-billed heron Cochlearius cochlearius 500,000-4,999,999[107] LC[107] Decrease[107] Values given are for total population.[107]
Common little bittern

(Little bittern)

Botaurus minutus 600,000-1,199,999[108] LC[108] Decrease[108] IUCN/BirdLife International still place this bird in genus Ixobrychus.

Very preliminary estimate is for mature individuals only.[108]

White-faced ibis Plegadis chihi 1,000,000-9,999,999[109] LC[109] Increase[109] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 7.2 million.[109]
Great white egret

(Great egret)

Ardea alba 1,100,000-1,600,000[110] LC[110] Steady[110] Total population is estimated to be 1.6-2.4 million individuals.[110]
American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus 1,500,000-2,500,000[111] LC[111] Decrease[111] Total population is estimated to be 3.0 million individuals.[111]
Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis 2,600,000-12,600,000[112] LC[112] Steady[112] Note than IOC taxonomy splits this species into two species, Eastern and Western cattle egret, both placed in the Ardea genus.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species under Bubulcus ibis.[66]

Cocoi heron Ardea cocoi 5,000,000-49,999,999[113] LC[113] Steady[113] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[113]

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Intermediate egret

(Medium egret)

Ardea intermedia unknown[114] LC[114] Decrease[114]
Javan pond heron Adeola speciosa unknown[115] LC[115] ?[115]
Yellow-crowned night heron Nyctanassa violacea unknown[116] LC[116] Steady[116]
Red-naped ibis Pseudibis papillosa unknown[117] LC[117] ?[117]
Australian ibis

(Australian white ibis)

Threskiornis molucca unknown[118] LC[118] Steady[118] IUCN/BirdLife International give binomial name as T. moluccus.
Zigzag heron Zebrilus undulatus unknown[119] LC[119] Decrease[119]


See also

References

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allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pelecaniformes_by_population