User:Kanguole/MiddleChineseFinals

Initials

Qieyun initial phonemes (Baxter's notation)
Labials Dentals and
palatals 		Dental
sibilants 		Velars Laryngeals
Stops and
affricates 		tenuis p- t- tr- tsy- ts- tsr- k- kw- ʔ- ʔw-
aspirate ph- th- trh- tsyh- tsh- tsrh- kh- khw-
voiced b- d- dr- dzy- dz- dzr- (g-) (gw-)
Fricatives tenuis (sy-) s- sr- x- xw-
voiced (zy-) (z-) (zr-) h- hw-
Continuant (y-)
Nasals m- n- nr- ny- ng- ngw-
Liquid l-

Parenthesized initials occur only with palatal finals.

Simple finals

Parellel Shijing rhyme groups with Middle Chinese codas
vocalic coda
陰聲 yīnshēng 		stop coda
入聲 rùshēng 		nasal coda
陽聲 yángshēng
-p 緝 qì -m 侵 qīn
葉 yè 談 tán
-j 微 wēi -t 物 wù -n 文 wén
脂 zhī 質 zhì 真 zhēn
祭 jì 月 yuè 元 yuán
- 歌 gē
-j 支 zhī -k 錫 xī -ng 耕 gēng
之 zhī 職 zhí 蒸 zhēng
- 魚 yú 鐸 duó 陽 yáng
-w 侯 hóu 屋 wū 東 dōng
幽 yōu 覺 jué 冬 dōng
宵 xiāo 藥 yào

The exceptional 祭 jì group included departing tone words only.[1]

Simple finals with -n coda
Qieyun initial Shijing
rhyme group
Labial Dental Velar or laryngeal
-won -won -on, -won 文 wén
-en
-en -en, -wen 真 zhēn
元 yuán
-an -an -an, -wan
-wan
Reconstruction of simple finals with -n coda
Qieyun initial Shijing
rhyme group 		OC vowel
Labial Dental Velar or laryngeal Li Baxter
-won -won -won 文 wén *-ə- *-u-
-en -on *-iə- *-ə-
-en -en -wen 真 zhēn *-i- *-i-
元 yuán *-ia- *-e-
-an -an -an -wan *-a- *-a-
-wan *-ua- *-o-

Final classes

Basic finals
Coda Reconstructed vowel
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng Karlgren Hashimoto Pulleyblank Pan Zhengzhang
I inner 侯 hóu 東 dōng ə̆, u u ow u u
模 mó (灰 huī) (魂 hún) 冬 dōng uo o ɔ, (wə), aw o uo
咍 hāi 覃 tán 痕 hén 登 dēng ậ, ə ə ə ə ʌ, ə
I outer 歌 gē 泰 tài 豪 háo 談 tán 寒 hán 唐 táng â ɑ a ɑ ɑ
IV outer 齊 qí 蕭 xiāo 添 tiān 先 xiān 青 qīng e e ɛ e e
Division II finals
Coda Reconstructed vowel
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng Karlgren Hashimoto Pulleyblank Pan Zhengzhang
II outer 江 jiāng å a arw ɤɔ ɤʌ
麻 má 夬 guài, 佳 jiā 肴 yáo 銜 xián 刪 shān 庚 gēng a, ɐ a[a] ar ɤæ ɤa
II inner 皆 jiē 咸 xián 山 shān 耕 gēng ă, ɛ ɛ ɛr ɤɛ ɤɛ
Division III finals
Coda Reconstructed vowel
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng Karlgren Hashimoto Pulleyblank Pan Zhengzhang
III outer 歌 gē 廢 fèi 嚴 yán 元 yuán 陽 yáng â, ɐ, a ɑ
麻 má 祭 jì 宵 xiāo 鹽 yán
(凡 fán)		 仙 xiān 庚 gēng a, ä, ɐ a
III inner 之 zhī 微 wēi 殷 yīn ï, ĕ ə ɨ
支 zhī 脂 zhī 幽 yōu 侵 qīn 真 zhēn 蒸 zhēng,
清 qīng 		ĕ, i, ə̆, ə ɛ[b] E, i
III closed 尤 yóu 東 dōng ə, u u uw ɨ, u ɨ, u
魚 yú wo y ɨ ɤ ʌ > ɤ
虞 yú 鍾 zhōng u, wo o u, uaw o̝ o

All finals

Middle Chinese finals
Coda
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng
Qieyun Rhyme tables dep. all
I/IV I inner 模 mó 侯 hóu 覃 tán 痕 hén 登 dēng 東 dōng,
冬 dōng
I outer 歌 gē 泰 tài 咍 hāi 豪 háo 談 tán 寒 hán 唐 táng
IV outer 齊 qí 蕭 xiāo 添 tiān 先 xiān 青 qīng
II outer 麻 má 夬 guài 佳 jiā,
皆 jiē		 肴 yáo 咸 xián,
銜 xián		 刪 shān,
山 shān		 庚 gēng,
耕 gēng		 江 jiāng
pure div. III inner 廢 fèi 微 wēi 幽 yōu 殷 yīn
outer 嚴 yán,
凡 fán		 元 yuán 庚 gēng
mixed div. III inner 之 zhī 尤 yóu 蒸 zhēng 東 dōng,
鍾 zhōng
outer 歌 gē,
麻 má		 陽 yáng,
清 qīng
chongniu inner 魚 yú,
虞 yú		 支 zhī,
脂 zhī		 侵 qīn 真 zhēn
outer 祭 jì 宵 xiāo 鹽 yán 仙 xiān
III inner 魚 yú,
虞 yú		 廢 fèi 微 wēi+之 zhī,
支 zhī,
脂 zhī		 幽 yōu+尤 yóu 侵 qīn 殷 yīn,
真 zhēn		 蒸 zhēng 東 dōng,
鍾 zhōng
outer 歌 gē,
麻 má		 祭 jì 宵 xiāo 嚴 yán,
凡 fán,
鹽 yán		 元 yuán,
仙 xiān		 陽 yáng,
庚 gēng+清 qīng

Notes

  1. ^ Hashimoto has 庚 gēng as -aɲ.[2]
  2. ^ Hashimoto has 清 qīng as -ɛɲ.[3]

References

  1. ^ Baxter (1992), p. 389.
  2. ^ Hashimoto (1966), p. 393.
  3. ^ Hashimoto (1966), p. 396.

Works cited

  • Hashimoto, Mantaro (1966), Phonology of Ancient Chinese (PhD thesis), Ohio State University.
  • Pan, Wuyun; Zhang, Hongming (2015), "Middle Chinese Phonology and Qieyun", in Wang, William S-Y.; Sun, Chaofen (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics, Oxford University Press, pp. 80–90, ISBN 978-0-1998-5633-6.
  • Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8.
  • Zhengzhang, Shangfang (2000), The Phonological system of Old Chinese, translated by Sagart, Laurent, Paris: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, ISBN 978-2-910216-04-7.
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