Robert K. C. Forman

Robert K. C. Forman, is a former professor of religion at the City University of New York, author of several studies on religious experience, and co-editor of the Journal of Consciousness Studies.

Forman has worked as professor of religion at City University of New York, both Hunter College and City College, and is Founding Executive Director of The Forge Institute for Spirituality and Social Change. His books include The Problems of Pure Consciousness, The Innate Capacity and "Enlightenment Ain't What It's Cracked Up to Be".

Forman developed the concepts of the Pure Consciousness Event (PCE) and the Dualistic Mystical State (DMS).[1]

Criticism

Lola Williamson has criticized Forman's description of transcendence as "a state of wakeful though contentless existence". Based on interviews with transcendental meditation practitioners, she notes that those transcendent experiences show variations between practitioners, and are also not contentless.[2]

Yaroslav Komarovski (2015) notes that Forman's notion of a "pure consciousness event" (PCE) has a very limited applicability in Tibetan Buddhism. According to Komarovski, the realization of emptiness as described in the Buddhist Madhyamaka tradition is different from the PCE. Not only the realization itself is different, but also the causes and the subsequent influence on the personality. According to Komarovski, it is brought about by specific Buddhist techniques, and results in specific Buddhist objectives, thereby illustrating the opposite of what Forman argues. According to Komarovski, to force the PCE into the spectrum of Tibetan Buddhist practices, it would be, at best, one of the minor events, and not the key mystical experience. Rather, according to Komarvski, "certain experiences and mental states addressed by Tibetan thinkers are treated as PCE due to an oversimplification of and confusion about the nature of those experiences."[3]

Books

  • Forman, R.K.C. (ed.) (1990). The Problem of Pure Consciousness: Mysticism and Philosophy. Oxford University Press.[4]
  • Forman, R.K.C. (1994). (ed.) Meister Eckhart: Mystic as Theologian: An Experiment in Methodology. Rockport, MASSACHUSETTS: Houghton Mifflin. (Published by Element in 1991).
  • Forman, R.K.C. (1997). Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness. New York: State University of New York Press[5][6][7][8]
  • Forman, R.K.C. (ed.). (1998). The Innate Capacity: Mysticism, Philosophy and Psychology. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.[9]
  • Forman, R.K.C., Wilber, K. & Andresen, J. (2000). Cognitive Models and Spi Maps: Interdisciplinary Explorations of Religious Experience. Journal of Consciousness Studies. Imprint Academic.
  • Forman, R.K.C. (2004). Grassroots Spirituality: What It Is, Why It Is Here, Where It Is Going. Exeter and Charlottesville: Imprint Academic.[10][11][12]
  • Forman, R.K.C. (2011). Enlightenment Ain't What It's Cracked Up To Be. John Hunt, UK. O-Books.
  • Christianity Reimagined: A Mystical Approach for Doubters and the Dubious, Apocryphile Press, 2025.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Vatanpour, Azadeh (2020). "Realization (Taḥqīq) in Sufism: An Assessment of Robert K.C. Forman's Pure Consciousness Event (PCE) and Dual Mystical State (DMS)". Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies. 5 (2): 1–23. ISSN 2470-7074.
  2. ^ Williamson, Lola (2010-10-01). "Transcendent in America: Hindu Inspired Meditation Movements as New Religion. By Lola Williamson". The Journal of Hindu Studies. 3 (3). New York University Press: 174. doi:10.1093/jhs/hiq021. ISBN 978-0-8147-9450-0. ISSN 1756-4255.
  3. ^ Komarovski, Yaroslav (2015), Tibetan Buddhism and Mystical Experience, Oxford University Press, pp. 76–78
  4. ^ Reviews of The Problem of Pure Consciousness:
  5. ^ Binford, Harry. "Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness". Theosophical Society in America. Retrieved 2025-12-30.
  6. ^ Adam, Martin (2002-05-01). "Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness, by Robert K. C. Forman". Arc: The Journal of the School of Religious Studies. 30: 255–259. doi:10.26443/arc.v30i.974. ISSN 2817-1799.
  7. ^ Hanson, Bruce K. (2001). "Review of Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 69 (3): 696–699. doi:10.1093/jaarel/69.3.696. ISSN 0002-7189. JSTOR 1466592.
  8. ^ Merkur, Dan; Loades, Ann; Thomas, David; Hamilton, Sue; McMylor, Peter; Kunin, Seth D.; Calderini, Simonetta; Boynton, Eric; Barrett, Tim (October 2000). "Book reviews". Religion. 30 (4): 405–422. doi:10.1006/reli.2000.0253. ISSN 0048-721X.
  9. ^ Review of The Innate Capacity: Matthew C. Bagger, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, doi:10.2307/1387614, JSTOR 1387614
  10. ^ Lord, Karen (2005-05-04). "Review of Grassroots Spirituality: What it is, Why it is Here, Where it is Going by Robert K.C. Forman". Implicit Religion. 8 (3): 331–332. doi:10.1558/imre.v8i3.331. ISSN 1743-1697.
  11. ^ Rolph, Jenny (June 2011). "Grassroots spirituality: What it is, why it is here, where it is going, by Robert K. Forman". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (5): 511–513. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.481838. ISSN 1367-4676.
  12. ^ Webster, Travis. "Grassroots Spirituality: What It Is, Why It Is Here, Where It Is Going". Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. ProQuest 232425594.
  13. ^ Meader, Mary (2025-06-03). "BOOK REVIEW: 'Christianity Reimagined: A Mystical Approach for Doubters and the Dubious". The Berkshire Edge. Retrieved 2025-12-30.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_K.C._Forman