Kde domov můj

Kde domov můj
English: Where Is My Home
Kde domov můj!? score written by Škroup, Prague, 1 August 1860
National anthem of the Czech Republic
Former co-national anthem of Czechoslovakia (1918-38, 1945–89) and of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–45)
LyricsJosef Kajetán Tyl, 1834
MusicFrantišek Škroup, 1834
Adopted1918 (ČSR, co-national)
Readopted1990 (ČR, part of ČSFR, national), 1993 (ČR, national)
Audio sample
2008 official orchestral and vocal recording by the Choir and Orchestra of the Opera of the Prague National Theatre
more recordings below: The instrumentation↓
Kde domov můj?!, text of the song (.Píseň.) written by Tyl, Prague, 1834

Kde domov můj (pronounced [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj] ⓘ), in English Where Is My Home, composed by František Škroup and written by Josef Kajetán Tyl, is the national anthem of the Czech Republic.[1][2] It was also the first, Czech part, of the national anthem of the former Czechoslovakia.

The song

The piece was one of twentyone written for the comedy Fidlovačka aneb Žádný hněv a žádná rvačka (Fiddlers' Feast, or No Anger and No Brawl). It was first performed by Karel Strakatý at the Estates Theatre in Prague on 21 December 1834.

The original song consists of two stanzas (verses). Even if J. K. Tyl is said to have considered leaving the song out of the play, hesitating about its quality, it soon became the most popular of the songs (he hesitated about as well:) from the Fiddlers' Feast which gained popularity among Czechs, seeking to revive their identity within the Habsburg monarchy, and became quickly their unofficial patriotic anthem.

In 1882, Antonín Dvořák used Kde domov můj in his symphonic poem, overture to František Ferdinand Šamberk's play Josef Kajetán Tyl, which is often performed separately as Domov můj (My Home), a concert work of some ten minutes.[3]

Rainer Maria Rilke paid tribute to Kde domov můj, in Czech, in two poems, in German, published in Larenopfer (1895):[4][5]

German original

KAJETÁN TYL
Bei Betrachtung seines Zimmerchens,
das auf der böhmischen ethnographischen Ausstellung
zusammengestellt war

Da also hat der arme Tyl
sein Lied »Kde domov můj« geschrieben.
In Wahrheit: Wen die Musen lieben,
dem gibt das Leben nicht zuviel.

Ein Stübchen – nicht zu klein dem Flug
des Geistes; nicht zu groß zur Ruhe. –
Ein Stuhl, als Schreibtisch eine Truhe,
ein Bett, ein Holzkreuz und ein Krug.

Doch wär er nicht für tausend Louis
von Böhmen fort. Mit jeder Fiber
hing er daran. – »Ich bleibe lieber,«
hätt er gesagt, »kde domov můj.«


DAS HEIMATLIED

Vom Feld klingt ernste Weise;
weiß nicht, wie mir geschieht ...
»Komm her, du Tschechenmädchen,
sing mir ein Heimatlied.« –

Das Mädchen läßt die Sichel,
ist hier mit Husch und Hui, –
setzt nieder sich am Feldrain
und singt: »Kde domov můj« ...

Jetzt schweigt sie still. Voll Tränen
das Aug mir zugewandt, –
nimmt meine Kupferkreuzer
und küßt mir stumm die Hand.

English translation[6]

KAJETÁN TYL
Regarding his little room, which has
been assembled at the
Bohemian ethnographic exhibition

That's where poor Tyl
wrote his song »Kde domov můj«.
In truth: Whom the muses love,
to whom life gives not too much.

A little room – not too small for the flight
of the mind; not too large to rest. —
A chair, a chest for a desk,
a bed, a wooden cross and a jug.

Yet for a thousand Louis he wouldn't
leave Bohemia. With every fiber of his
being, he clung to it. — »I'd rather stay,«
he would have said, »kde domov můj.«


THE HOMELAND SONG

From the fields comes a solemn melody;
I don't know what's happening to me...
»Come here, you Czech girl,
sing me a homeland song.« –

The girl puts down her sickle,
is here with a whoosh, –
sits down by the edge of the field
and sings: »Kde domov můj«...

Now she is silent. Full of tears,
her eyes turned towards me, –
takes my copper coins
and silently kisses my hand.

The anthem

When Czecho-Slovakia was founded in 1918 (renamed Czechoslovakia in 1920), the first stanza of the song became the Czech part of the national anthem, followed by the first stanza of the Slovak song Nad Tatrou sa blýska with official translations into German and Hungarian.[7]

Both songs reflected the mood of the smaller nations' concerns raising in the 19th century, here those of the Czechs and Slovaks,[8][page needed] confronted with the national-ethnic activism of the, here, Germans and the Hungarians, the large, predominant ethnic groups of those in power in Austria-Hungary.

After the Munich Dictate of 1938, Czechoslovakia lost German, Silesian and Hungarian territories to Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary, the anthem remained.[7]

During the Nazi-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–45), the Czech national anthem continued to be played, but only together with the German Deutschland über alles or the Nazi Horst Wessel Song, without any official act being issued or required.[7]

With the split of Czechoslovakia in December 1992, the Czech Republic kept Kde domov můj and Slovakia kept Nad Tatrou sa blýska as their anthems. While Slovakia extended its anthem by adding a second stanza, the Czech Republic's national anthem was adopted unextended, in its single-stanza version.[1][7]

Lyrics

The song (since 1834)

Czech        IPA transcription[a]

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
voda hučí po lučinách,
bory šumí po skalinách,
v sadě skví se jara květ,
zemský ráj to na pohled!
A to je ta krásná země,
𝄆 země česká domov můj! 𝄇

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
v kraji znáš-li bohumilém
duše útlé v těle čilém,
mysl jasnou, vznik a zdar
a tu sílu vzdoru zmar,
to je Čechů slavné plémě
𝄆 mezi Čechy domov můj! 𝄇

[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |]
[ˈvo.da ˈɦu.t͡ʃiː po ˈlu.t͡ʃɪ.naːx |]
[ˈbo.rɪ ˈʃu.miː po ˈska.lɪ.naːx |]
[ˈf‿sa.ɟɛ skviː sɛ ˈja.ra kvjɛt |]
[ˈzɛm.skiː raːj to na ˈpoɦ.lɛt ǁ]
[a to jɛ ta ˈkraːs.naː ˈzɛm.ɲɛ |]
𝄆 [ˈzɛm.ɲɛ ˈt͡ʃɛs.kaː ˈdo.mof muːj ǁ] 𝄇

[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |]
[ˈf‿kra.jɪ ˈznaːʃ.lɪ ˈbo.ɦu.mɪ.lɛːm]
[ˈdu.ʃɛ ˈuːt.lɛː ˈf‿cɛ.lɛ ˈt͡ʃɪ.lɛːm |]
[ˈmɪs.l̩ ˈjas.nou̯ vznɪk a zdar]
[a tu ˈsiː.lu vzdo.ru zmar |]
[to jɛ ˈt͡ʃɛ.xuː ˈslav.nɛː ˈplɛːm.ɲɛ]
𝄆 [ˈmɛ.zɪ ˈt͡ʃɛ.xɪ ˈdo.mof muːj ǁ] 𝄇

English translation

Where is my home, where is my home,
Streams are rushing through the meadows,
Midst the rocks sigh fragrant pine groves,
Orchards decked in spring's array,
Scenes of Paradise portray.
And this land of wondrous beauty,
𝄆 Is the Czech land, home of mine! 𝄇

Where is my home, where is my home,
If in heavenly land thou hast met
Slender souls in spry bodies,
Of clear mind, vigorous and prosperous,
And with strength ruining all defiance,
This glorious nation of Czechs
𝄆 Is of the Czechs, home of mine! 𝄇

National anthem of ČSR (1918–38), ČSR, ČSSR, ČSFR (1945–92)

Czech and Slovak        IPA transcription[a]

Kde domov můj, kde domov můj,
voda hučí po lučinách,
bory šumí po skalinách,
v sadě skví se jara květ,
zemský ráj to na pohled!
A to je ta krásná země,
𝄆 země česká domov můj! 𝄇

𝄆 Nad Tatrou sa blýska,
hromy divo bijú. 𝄇
𝄆 Zastavme sa, bratia,
veď sa ony stratia,
Slováci ožijú. 𝄇

[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |]
[ˈvo.da ˈɦu.t͡ʃiː po ˈlu.t͡ʃɪ.naːx |]
[ˈbo.rɪ ˈʃu.miː po ˈska.lɪ.naːx |]
[ˈf‿sa.ɟɛ skviː sɛ ˈja.ra kvjɛt |]
[ˈzɛm.skiː raːj to na ˈpoɦ.lɛt ǁ]
[a to jɛ ta ˈkraːs.naː ˈzɛm.ɲɛ |]
𝄆 [ˈzɛm.ɲɛ ˈt͡ʃɛs.kaː ˈdo.mof muːj ǁ] 𝄇

𝄆 [ˈnat ta.trɔʊ̯ sa ˈbliːs.ka |]
[ˈɦrɔ.mi ˈdi.ʋɔ ˈbi.juː ‖] 𝄇
𝄆 [ˈzas.taʊ̯ mɛ sa | ˈbra.cɪ̯a |]
[ˈʋɛc sa ˈɔ.ni ˈstra.cɪ̯a |]
[ˈslɔ.ʋaː.t͡si ˈɔ.ʒi.juː ǁ] 𝄇

German version
(first stanza 1918–1938, 1939–1945) 		       Hungarian version
(first stanza 1920–1938)

Wo ist mein Heim, mein Vaterland,
Wo durch Wiesen Bäche brausen,
Wo auf Felsen Wälder sausen,
Wo ein Eden uns entzückt,
Wenn der Lenz die Fluren schmückt:
Dieses Land, so schön vor allen,
𝄆 Böhmen ist mein Heimatland. 𝄇

Hol van honom, hol a hazám,
Hol patak zúg a hegyháton,
Csörgedez a rónaságon.
Szántóján ezer virág,
Gyönyörű ott a világ.
Földreszállott éden vagy te,
𝄆 Csehországom, szép bazám. 𝄇

English translation
(second stanza)

𝄆 Far above the Tatras
Lightning bolts are pounding. 𝄇
𝄆 These bolts shall we banish,
brothers, they will vanish;
Slovaks are rebounding. 𝄇

National anthem of ČR (since 1990, 1993)

The lyrics of the Czech stanza stayed on as Czechia's national anthem, according to Appendix 6 of Czech Act No. 3/1993 Coll., as adapted by Act No. 154/1998 Coll.[1]

The instrumentation

The orchestration of the hymn by Otakar Jeremiáš (1892–1962), in three versions – for large orchestra (1930), for small orchestra (1932), and in the so-called pastoral/Christmas version for organ and orchestra (1932) – is still performed today.

The current, and since 2008 newly official, recording of the Czech national anthem, released 2008 by the Czech government,[9][10] orchestrated by Otakar Jeremiáš and Jaroslav Krček (*1939), was performed by the National Theatre Opera Chorus and Orchestra under the direction of Jiří Bělohlávek in four interpretations:

  • instrumental version, National Theatre Orchestra
  • choral version, National Theatre Opera Chorus
  • female solo, sung by Kateřina Kněžíková, soprano *
  • male solo, sung by Adam Plachetka, bass-baritone *
* *1982 and *1985, soloists of the National Theatre Opera, married since 2012, two daughters)[11]

The celebratory performance of the new recordings took place on the Czech Statehood Day, Sunday, 28 September 2008, in the Pantheon of the Prague National Museum.[10]

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c legally regulated as an anthem, most recently in §7 of the Czech laws 3/1993 und 154/1998: (cs) sb/1993/3 and sb/1998/154 on e-sbirka.cz, official collection of laws, website of the Czech government
  2. ^ (cs) Znáte píseň Kde domov můj? První sloka písně Kde domov můj? Druhá sloka písně Kde domov můj? (Do you know the song Where is my home? The first verse of the song Where is my home? The second verse of the song Where is my home?), 22 September 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, website of the Czech government
  3. ^ (cs) Můj domov, op. 62, B125a / (en) My Home, Op. 62, B125a, on antonin-dvorak.cz/en, web of the Czech National Library (NK ČR), project WebArchiv (WebArchive)
  4. ^ (de) Rainer Maria Rilke. Sämtliche Werke. Band I, Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1955, an there: Kajetan Týl (p. 38.) and Das Heimatlied (p. 68.) (note: here above Kajetan Týl (misprint) corrected to Kajetán Tyl)
  5. ^ Kajetán Tyl and Das Heimatlied on rilke.de, web of Thilo von Pape, (than in) Besançon, France
  6. ^ by wiki-vr.mp for wikipedia.org (free for review:)
  7. ^ a b c d (cs) (en) Státní hymna České republiky v proměnách doby / The Czech republic's national anthem down the ages – Kde domov můj / Where is My Home, Úřad vlády České republiky, Národní muzeum, Národní divadlo, Český rozhlas (Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, National Museum, National Theatre, Czech Radio), 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government / printed edition by Gabriel Gössel (*1943–†2020), published 2008 by the Government of the Czech Republic (on books.google.com)
  8. ^ Stefan Auer: Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe, Routledge, 2017 (on books.google.com)
  9. ^ (cs) Česko má poprvé oficiální nahrávku státní hymny (Czechia has its first official recording of the national anthem), 26 September 2008, on radio.cz
  10. ^ a b (cs) Česká státní hymna (Czech national anthem), 22 October 2008 on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government / and down there: Nová nahrávka české hymny (New recording of the Czech anthem)
  11. ^ (cs) (en) katerinaknezikova.com and (cs) (en) (de) adamplachetka.com
  • (cs) (en) Státní hymna České republiky v proměnách doby / The Czech republic's national anthem down the ages – Kde domov můj / Where is My Home, Úřad vlády České republiky, Národní muzeum, Národní divadlo, Český rozhlas (Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, National Museum, National Theatre, Czech Radio), 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government
  • (de) Viktor Velek: Die tschechische Nationalhymne Kde domov můj? im tschechischen Wien (The Czech national anthem Kde domov můj? in Czech Vienna), Musicologica Austriaca 28 (2009), on musau.org (also in: Die tschechische Nationalhymne Kde domov můj? im tschechischen Wien. (The Czech national anthem Kde domov můj? in Czech Vienna.) In: Music und Identität – Beiträge zur Musikgeschichte Zentraleuropas. (Music and Identity – Contributions to the Music History of Central Europe.) Wien (Vienna): Österreichische Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft (Austrian Society for Musicology), 2010. p. 119–143. ISBN 978-3-7069-0617-3)
dead links, or replaced by more recent, kindly review:


allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_national_anthem