Kde domov můj
| English: Where Is My Home | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Kde domov můj!? score written by Škroup, Prague, 1 August 1860 | |
National anthem of the Czech Republic Former co-national anthem of Czechoslovakia (1918-38, 1945–89) and of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–45) | |
| Lyrics | Josef Kajetán Tyl, 1834 |
| Music | František Škroup, 1834 |
| Adopted | 1918 (ČSR, co-national) |
| Readopted | 1990 (ČR, part of ČSFR, national), 1993 (ČR, national) |
| Audio sample | |
2008 official orchestral and vocal recording by the Choir and Orchestra of the Opera of the Prague National Theatre more recordings below: The instrumentation↓ | |
.jpg)
Kde domov můj (pronounced [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj] ⓘ), in English Where Is My Home, composed by František Škroup and written by Josef Kajetán Tyl, is the national anthem of the Czech Republic.[1][2] It was also the first, Czech part, of the national anthem of the former Czechoslovakia.
The song
The piece was one of twentyone written for the comedy Fidlovačka aneb Žádný hněv a žádná rvačka (Fiddlers' Feast, or No Anger and No Brawl). It was first performed by Karel Strakatý at the Estates Theatre in Prague on 21 December 1834.
The original song consists of two stanzas (verses). Even if J. K. Tyl is said to have considered leaving the song out of the play, hesitating about its quality, it soon became the most popular of the songs (he hesitated about as well:) from the Fiddlers' Feast which gained popularity among Czechs, seeking to revive their identity within the Habsburg monarchy, and became quickly their unofficial patriotic anthem.
In 1882, Antonín Dvořák used Kde domov můj in his symphonic poem, overture to František Ferdinand Šamberk's play Josef Kajetán Tyl, which is often performed separately as Domov můj (My Home), a concert work of some ten minutes.[3]
Rainer Maria Rilke paid tribute to Kde domov můj, in Czech, in two poems, in German, published in Larenopfer (1895):[4][5]
| German original
KAJETÁN TYL Bei Betrachtung seines Zimmerchens, das auf der böhmischen ethnographischen Ausstellung zusammengestellt war Da also hat der arme Tyl DAS HEIMATLIED Vom Feld klingt ernste Weise; |
| English translation[6]
KAJETÁN TYL Regarding his little room, which has been assembled at the Bohemian ethnographic exhibition That's where poor Tyl THE HOMELAND SONG From the fields comes a solemn melody; |
The anthem
When Czecho-Slovakia was founded in 1918 (renamed Czechoslovakia in 1920), the first stanza of the song became the Czech part of the national anthem, followed by the first stanza of the Slovak song Nad Tatrou sa blýska with official translations into German and Hungarian.[7]
Both songs reflected the mood of the smaller nations' concerns raising in the 19th century, here those of the Czechs and Slovaks,[8][page needed] confronted with the national-ethnic activism of the, here, Germans and the Hungarians, the large, predominant ethnic groups of those in power in Austria-Hungary.
After the Munich Dictate of 1938, Czechoslovakia lost German, Silesian and Hungarian territories to Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary, the anthem remained.[7]
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During the Nazi-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–45), the Czech national anthem continued to be played, but only together with the German Deutschland über alles or the Nazi Horst Wessel Song, without any official act being issued or required.[7]
With the split of Czechoslovakia in December 1992, the Czech Republic kept Kde domov můj and Slovakia kept Nad Tatrou sa blýska as their anthems. While Slovakia extended its anthem by adding a second stanza, the Czech Republic's national anthem was adopted unextended, in its single-stanza version.[1][7]
Lyrics
The song (since 1834)
| Czech | IPA transcription[a] | |
|---|---|---|
Kde domov můj, kde domov můj, |
[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |] |
| English translation |
|---|
Where is my home, where is my home, |
National anthem of ČSR (1918–38), ČSR, ČSSR, ČSFR (1945–92)
| Czech and Slovak | IPA transcription[a] | |
|---|---|---|
Kde domov můj, kde domov můj, |
[ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj | ɡdɛ ˈdo.mof muːj |] |
| German version (first stanza 1918–1938, 1939–1945) |
Hungarian version (first stanza 1920–1938) | |
|---|---|---|
Wo ist mein Heim, mein Vaterland, |
Hol van honom, hol a hazám, |
| English translation (second stanza) |
|---|
𝄆 Far above the Tatras |
National anthem of ČR (since 1990, 1993)
The lyrics of the Czech stanza stayed on as Czechia's national anthem, according to Appendix 6 of Czech Act No. 3/1993 Coll., as adapted by Act No. 154/1998 Coll.[1]
The instrumentation
The orchestration of the hymn by Otakar Jeremiáš (1892–1962), in three versions – for large orchestra (1930), for small orchestra (1932), and in the so-called pastoral/Christmas version for organ and orchestra (1932) – is still performed today.
The current, and since 2008 newly official, recording of the Czech national anthem, released 2008 by the Czech government,[9][10] orchestrated by Otakar Jeremiáš and Jaroslav Krček (*1939), was performed by the National Theatre Opera Chorus and Orchestra under the direction of Jiří Bělohlávek in four interpretations:
- instrumental version, National Theatre Orchestra
- choral version, National Theatre Opera Chorus
- female solo, sung by Kateřina Kněžíková, soprano *
- male solo, sung by Adam Plachetka, bass-baritone *
- * *1982 and *1985, soloists of the National Theatre Opera, married since 2012, two daughters)[11]
The celebratory performance of the new recordings took place on the Czech Statehood Day, Sunday, 28 September 2008, in the Pantheon of the Prague National Museum.[10]
Notes
- ^ a b See Help:IPA/Czech and Czech phonology.
References
- ^ a b c legally regulated as an anthem, most recently in §7 of the Czech laws 3/1993 und 154/1998: (cs) sb/1993/3 and sb/1998/154 on e-sbirka.cz, official collection of laws, website of the Czech government
- ^ (cs) Znáte píseň Kde domov můj? První sloka písně Kde domov můj? Druhá sloka písně Kde domov můj? (Do you know the song Where is my home? The first verse of the song Where is my home? The second verse of the song Where is my home?), 22 September 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, website of the Czech government
- ^ (cs) Můj domov, op. 62, B125a / (en) My Home, Op. 62, B125a, on antonin-dvorak.cz/en, web of the Czech National Library (NK ČR), project WebArchiv (WebArchive)
- ^ (de) Rainer Maria Rilke. Sämtliche Werke. Band I, Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1955, an there: Kajetan Týl (p. 38.) and Das Heimatlied (p. 68.) (note: here above Kajetan Týl (misprint) corrected to Kajetán Tyl)
- ^ Kajetán Tyl and Das Heimatlied on rilke.de, web of Thilo von Pape, (than in) Besançon, France
- ^ by wiki-vr.mp for wikipedia.org (free for review:)
- ^ a b c d (cs) (en) Státní hymna České republiky v proměnách doby / The Czech republic's national anthem down the ages – Kde domov můj / Where is My Home, Úřad vlády České republiky, Národní muzeum, Národní divadlo, Český rozhlas (Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, National Museum, National Theatre, Czech Radio), 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government / printed edition by Gabriel Gössel (*1943–†2020), published 2008 by the Government of the Czech Republic (on books.google.com)
- ^ Stefan Auer: Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe, Routledge, 2017 (on books.google.com)
- ^ (cs) Česko má poprvé oficiální nahrávku státní hymny (Czechia has its first official recording of the national anthem), 26 September 2008, on radio.cz
- ^ a b (cs) Česká státní hymna (Czech national anthem), 22 October 2008 on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government / and down there: Nová nahrávka české hymny (New recording of the Czech anthem)
- ^ (cs) (en) katerinaknezikova.com and (cs) (en) (de) adamplachetka.com
External links
- (cs) (en) Státní hymna České republiky v proměnách doby / The Czech republic's national anthem down the ages – Kde domov můj / Where is My Home, Úřad vlády České republiky, Národní muzeum, Národní divadlo, Český rozhlas (Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, National Museum, National Theatre, Czech Radio), 2008, on vlada.gov.cz, web of the Czech government
- (de) Viktor Velek: Die tschechische Nationalhymne Kde domov můj? im tschechischen Wien (The Czech national anthem Kde domov můj? in Czech Vienna), Musicologica Austriaca 28 (2009), on musau.org (also in: Die tschechische Nationalhymne Kde domov můj? im tschechischen Wien. (The Czech national anthem Kde domov můj? in Czech Vienna.) In: Music und Identität – Beiträge zur Musikgeschichte Zentraleuropas. (Music and Identity – Contributions to the Music History of Central Europe.) Wien (Vienna): Österreichische Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft (Austrian Society for Musicology), 2010. p. 119–143. ISBN 978-3-7069-0617-3)
- Czech Republic: Kde domov můj? – Audio of the national anthem of the Czech Republic, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- State Symbols – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a page about state symbols that includes a copy of the music of the anthem.
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