The role of Elon Musk within the US federal government, and the extent of his power, is a matter of debate.

The actions of Musk and his associates have faced criticism, protests and other forms of opposition because of mass firings and perceived conflict of interest with Musk's business empire. Federal judges have been unable to establish clear relationships between Musk, Musk's employees and associates appointed within government, and the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), which has been criticized for its amorphous status.

Journalists have found multi-billion-dollar accounting mistakes in DOGE's "Wall of Receipts" website of claimed savings. Security experts have pointed to national security and cybersecurity risks created by Musk's associates embedded in government. Economic conservatives have complained that Musk and DOGE do not target the biggest government spending sources, but instead pursue a symbolic culture war with little budget impact. Democrats, left-leaning groups and some Republicans have criticize Musk's role and the actions of DOGE as unaccountable and unconstitutional. Some have described the actions as a coup d'état of the US government.

Right-leaning groups, the Republican Party and Donald Trump have defended and supported Musk's actions, arguing they will cut-down on wasteful government spending. They argue the DOGE program is in full compliance with federal law. CEOs of several financial institutions have also spoken in favor of Musk.

Public opinion

A February poll from Harvard Caps/Harris, of 2,443 American voters, found that 72% of respondents supported the existence of an organization focused on cutting government waste. 60% of respondents also answered that they believed DOGE was helping to make major cuts to federal spending.[1] A February 2025 poll from Napolitan News Service, of 1,000 American voters, found that 47% of respondents supported DOGE's cuts, 39% were opposed, and 13% were unsure.[2]

Criticisms

In November 2024, Politico reported on growing concern from the tech world and several policy experts that the project was over-promising or could potentially tear down "much of the essential infrastructure that ushers along American innovation". Former US deputy chief technology officer Jennifer Pahlka stated that while civil service reform was needed, mass firings was the wrong answer.[3] Senior fellow Brian Riedl at the Manhattan Institute said that DOGE's plan to fire 25% of the federal workforce would reduce only 1% of federal funding and require the hiring of contractors to fulfill the difference. The Washington Post cited critics who stated balancing the budget would require higher taxes or cuts to Medicare or Social Security, and DOGE's proposal to slash federal programs that Congress funds but whose authority had lapsed would cut "veterans' health care, initiatives at the State and Justice departments and NASA, and multiple major antipoverty programs". The Post also cited budget experts who said Musk and Ramaswamy's plan "demonstrates the pair's misunderstanding of how the government works".[4]

According to a Washington Post article, an official stated that Musk has a project of replacing the human workforce with artificial intelligence.[5] Computer scientist Bruce Schneier dismissed Musk's alleged project as "techno-fascism by chatbot".[5] By February 6, Punchbowl News reported that "DOGE-curious" Democrats had soured on and distanced themselves from DOGE after seeing how it was being conducted.[6]

Amorphous status

The leadership and membership of DOGE is unclear, as is the role of Elon Musk in government. Judges, journalists, DOGE itself have drawn no clear distinction between Musk's employees, political appointees associated with Musk, and DOGE personnel.

On February 17, Judge Tanya Chutkan asked that Elon Musk's legal status regarding DOGE's actions to be clarified. In response, the government stated that Musk "has no actual or formal authority to make government decisions himself" and that "he is an employee of the White House Office." Journalist Marcy Wheeler views this defense as a way to create retroactive continuity for DOGE.[7] Wheeler also cites Ryan Goodman's evidence of times when Donald Trump and Elon Musk themselves contradicted the government position.[8]

Kedric Payne, general counsel at the Campaign Legal Center, questions the ethics of Musk's role: "I don’t see a legal way for Musk to lead DOGE in the way that it’s been described and stay in compliance with the ethics rules".[9]

The role of Steve Davis, a longtime associate of Musk, is also unclear. According to Wired, a former staffer at USDS repeated asked managers if Davis was administrator or interim administrator, and was told that the status of Davis within USDS or DOGE was unknown.[10]

Journalists have also noted that DOGE itself is amorphous.The Atlantic called it "a disembodied specter," observing that "much of the cost savings that Musk has touted as DOGE victories on social media have been carried out by other appointees."[11] The New York Times notes that judges in numerous court cases have been unable to establish basic facts about the staff members who have targeted federal agencies: "Attempts to press for specifics, such as how many associates of Mr. Musk have been detailed to specific agencies, whether they have arrived as employees of those agencies or as representatives from the White House, and what grounds they have for demanding entry into agencies’ systems, have been largely unsuccessful."[12]

There is also ambiguity about what actions can be attributed to DOGE. The DOGE X account claimed credit for a $1.9 billion IRS contract rescinded "in connection" with DOGE. The contract was actually cancelled during the Biden administration.[13]

Auditing blunders

DOGE claimed in its "Wall of Receipts" on its website to have cancelled government contracts totaling about $16 billion. Roughly half of that was attributed to a single $8 billion contract with Immigration & Customs Enforcement. The New York Times discovered this the contract in question was actually only $8 million, making the total dollar amount of cancelled contracts dramatically less than claimed.[14] DOGE has yet to explain the discrepancy. Meanwhile, the Daily Beast notes that other auditing irregularities are resurfacing, including taking credit for contracts already cancelled under the Biden administration.[15] The Times reporting also noted that cancelled contracts are counted towards the Wall's total using the total value of each contract, even if a majority had already been paid by the government and the funds would not be recuperated.[14]

By February 22, the savings claim has deflated to $7 billion. The Wall Street Journal published an analysis of that claim and found that the savings "could be closer to $2.6 billion over the next year if spending levels remained constant—and about 2% of the funds would have gone to contracts related to DEI."[16] It noticed the disappearance of two contracts from the site due to triple accounting, and observed that a quarter of the contracts published so far were already paid.

Brain drain of government staff

Axios calls the events "Musk's takeover of Washington" and compares them to the events at Twitter, observing concerns about "brain drain" in both cases if highly knowledgeable workers leave.[17] The events were also called a "takeover" by The Economic Times.[18] The Associated Press reported that Musk had "created an alternative power structure" in the government.[19]

During the House Ways and Means Oversight Subcommittee hearing on Internal Revenue Service modernization, Nina Olson, the director of the Center for Taxpayer Rights, described the deferred resignation offers as "coerced job cuts and firings" causing "a brain drain" at the IRS.[20]

Tom Nichols assesses that "Musk’s assault on expertise is coming from the same wellspring that has been driving much of the public’s irrational hostility toward experts for years."[21]

Conflicts of interest

Multiple news agencies have raised questions as to whether Musk's companies being contractors to the federal government causes a conflict of interest with their proposed work in DOGE.[22][23][24][25]

Representative Greg Landsman described DOGE as "a way for the wealthiest person alive, who gets billions in federal money, to hack the federal government data and payment system at the expense of the American people".[6] The National Reconnaissance Office has a $1.8 billion contract with Musk's SpaceX.[26] Journalist Malika Khurana lists 11 agencies impacted by DOGE with federal investigations or regulatory battles with Elon Musk's businesses.[27] Investigative journalist Eric Lipton uncovered 32 investigations, complaints or enforcement actions into Musk's companies.[28] On February 18, Reuters reported that Food and Drug Administration employees reviewing Musk's company Neuralink were fired by DOGE.[29][30]

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said in early February 2025 that Musk would determine if his DOGE work presented a conflict of interest.[31]

During a February 11 press conference featuring Musk and Trump in the Oval Office, Musk responded to a question about his potential conflict of interest by claiming that "all his team's efforts were being made public on DOGE's social media accounts and website."[32] CNN host Anderson Cooper noted that: Musk has shown opposition to transparency by claiming that reporters investigating Musk's DOGE workers were committing crimes; that Musk himself has not made his conflict-of-interest forms public, and the White House says he won't have to; and that the statements issued on the DOGE X social media account are no more than "press releases".[33] Later that same day, Trump fired USAID Inspector General Paul K. Martin, one day after Martin had issued a report finding that $489 million in food was at risk of spoilage because of the Trump administration's efforts to shutter that agency.[34]

Coup d'état of US government

The "We Choose to Fight: Nobody Elected Elon" protest, organized by MoveOn, was held at the Treasury on February 4, 2025.
Several US Congress members spoke against Musk's role in the government during the "We Choose to Fight: Nobody Elected Elon" protests.

The "freeze of government function" was described as a coup d'état by Seth Masket, a professor of political science at the University of Denver, because "Musk is a private citizen taking control of established government offices." He notes that Musk has no role in government and questions the validity of DOGE, which is not a federal executive department, assuming power over established government agencies.[35]

Author Jeet Heer argued in The Nation that the actions of DOGE were a "time-honored revolutionary tactic of developing dual power in order to seize control" and constituted a coup.[36] Paul Krugman, an economist and columnist, stated on February 3 that the actions of DOGE might have as of that date constituted "what amounts to a 21st-century coup", and that he would update his opinion later.[37] The Guardian stated that it agreed with Krugman.[38]

Cruelty and disrespect

After having sent to all federal employees an email (from a misconfigured server) requesting a reply under threat, the American Federation of Government Employees called it "cruel and disrespectful".[39] Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) responded: “Our public workforce deserves to be treated with dignity and respect for the unheralded jobs they perform. The absurd weekend email to justify their existence wasn’t it.” Senator Tina Smith (D-Minnesota) qualified the stunt: “This is the ultimate dick boss move from Musk - except he isn’t even the boss, he’s just a dick”.[40]

Economic fragility

Columbia University professor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh argues that the DOGE's fire sale of more than 500 government buildings could crash financial securities linked to commercial mortgages.[41]

The Christian Science Monitor reports that, after the USAID freeze, contract lawyers are involved representing farmers selling surplus crops who are worried about future purchases, and business owners who received Department of Agriculture (USDA) grants to invest in renewable energy technology and climate-resistant crops are unsure if they will be paid.[42] Brent Swart, president of the Iowa Soybean Association, says that suspending the USDA puts farmers at risk and jeopardizes programs that demonstrated public returns.[43] Newsweek counted many TikTok accounts posting clips to express their anger or to discuss the link between the USDA freeze and Project 2025.[44]

Illegality of DOGE

Laurence Tribe, constitutional scholar at Harvard Law School, argues that the power that Musk and DOGE attempt to exercise over federal departments is illegal. He asserts that Musk "absolutely" faces a conflict of interest in his roles as a government contractor and federal employee. Musk's software system takeovers raise "serious issues of privacy" according to Tribe.[45]

Inefficient culture war

Jessica Riedl, a Republican and Manhattan Institute senior fellow on budget, tax, and economic policy, found that DOGE sought to satisfy Trump's culturally conservative base rather than targeting the biggest government spending sources. Riedl said, "So far, DOGE seems more about looking for symbolic culture war savings than truly reducing the budget deficit in any meaningful way". Alex Nowrasteh, Cato Institute vice president for social and economic policies, echoed the sentiment, describing the cost cuts as "to the federal government, it's nothing".[46]

DOGE has been seen as potentially redundant to the Government Accountability Office.[47]

Job losses of good people

Conservative actor Zachary Levi, appearing on Fox News, was supportive of DOGE, but directly implored Musk to not terminate or fire federal workers who voted for Donald Trump, saying:"But there are good people, people that voted for Donald Trump who are losing their job. And we got to make sure that we don’t leave those folks behind."[48]

National security risk created by DOGE

Richard Fourno, assistant director at University of Maryland Baltimore County Cybersecurity Institute, finds DOGE's activities, with little oversight over its employees' operational competence, "create conditions that are ideal for cybersecurity or data privacy incidents that affect the entire nation".[49] James Goldgeier, Professor of International Relations at American University, and Elizabeth N. Saunders, Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, argue that "Musk’s activities present a national security nightmare"[50]

Employees from FAA’s National Airspace System Defense Program have been notified of their termination by email from an Outlook address; the program manages long-range detection radars that secure the country’s borders.[51] Some of the fired FAA employees were working on a system announced by the Air Force in 2023 and partially funded by the Defense Department to protect Hawaii from cruise missiles. One fired employee whose position was supposed to be exempt from probationary firings due to the national security-related work he was doing believes he was targeted because of personal Facebook posts he made criticizing Musk's companies X and Tesla.[51]

Hundreds of National Nuclear Security Administration workers have been fired; the administration is trying to hire them back. [52] The U.S. Department of Agriculture said it "accidentally" fired "several" employees working on the government's response to the avian flu outbreak and that it will "correct" the situation. [53]

Unaccountability

Don Moynihan, a professor of public policy at the University of Michigan, called Musk and DOGE's actions "concerning" and "unprecedented". Moynihan worries that Musk and his group, not really public officials, had been able to access sensitive government data, and that Congress had very little ability to monitor and intervene. He also added that "Musk's access to Treasury payment systems could give him undue influence over the federal budget at a time when there is a looming debt-ceiling crisis."[54]

Danielle Citron, Jefferson Scholars Foundation Distinguished Professor in Law and LawTech Center Co-Director at University of Virginia School of Law, traces the Privacy Act of 1974 back to the commitment to "transparency, accountability, and protections around the collection, use, and sharing of personal data." The Privacy Law prevents any access to the systems of records of an agency without proper vetting and authorization. Citron concludes: "We are bearing witness to the kind of power grab, abuse, and overreach that the Privacy Act of 1974 was passed to prevent".[55]

During a news conference at the Capitol on February 3, 2025, Senator Patty Murray (D-WA), the vice chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, stated that Musk and his team were breaking the law. Murray stated that Musk was an "unelected, unaccountable billionaire with expansive conflicts of interest, deep ties to China" and accused him of hijacking the nation's financial systems and its ability to pay.[56]

Steve Bannon, a long-time Trump and Republican Party influencer, was extremely critical of Musk's DOGE program, saying "Musk is a parasitic illegal immigrant. He wants to impose his freak experiment and play-act as God without any respect for the country’s history, tradition or values."[57]

Unconstitutionality

Democratic representative Zoe Lofgren (CA-18) has criticized DOGE, calling it "unconstitutional and illegal" in relation to its proposals regarding the impoundment of appropriated funds by Congress.[58] Democratic representative Ro Khanna (CA-17) stated that he was "appalled by the unconstitutional efforts to block funding appropriated and authorized by Congress" and that he relayed those concerns to Musk.[6] In December 2024, independent Senator Bernie Sanders initially supported plans by DOGE to cut defense spending,[59][60] but then soon opposed DOGE, calling it and its actions illegal and unconstitutional, and repeatedly criticized both Musk and DOGE.[61]

Elizabeth Popp Berman, Richard H. Price Professor of Organizational Studies at the University of Michigan contends that DOGE could be using the payments system to overrule spending already approved by Congress and use this power for ideological control. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 makes this illegal. How DOGE politicizes an apolitical process increases risks of corruption. [62]

James Sample, constitutional law scholar at Hofstra University, questions the legality of DOGE's power centralization: "Musk manifestly answers only to Trump. Answering only to the President while wielding vast and enormous power is basically the Platonic form of a principal officer, thus requiring Senate confirmation".[63]

Unrealistic goals

In November 2024, Maya MacGuineas of the public policy organization Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget has said that $2 trillion in savings is "absolutely doable" over a period of 10 years, but it would be difficult to do in a single year "without compromising some of the fundamental objectives of the government that are widely agreed upon".[64] Desmond Lachman of the American Enterprise Institute stated that "realistically, there isn't much political willingness to do the tough stuff that [needs] to be done to get the budget under control."[64] Senior director for federal budget policy Bobby Kogan at the Center for American Progress said that $2 trillion in cuts would likely result in 33% cuts to Social Security, Medicare, and every program relating to veterans compensation and healthcare.[64]

In December 2024, Douglas Holtz-Eakin of the American Action Forum compared DOGE to the former Grace Commission which had zero of its 150 proposals enacted.[65] Chief economist Mark Zandi of Moody's said that 30% of the federal budget that is non-discretionary is at the lowest level in modern history as a percentage of GDP, and that even finding $200 billion of savings was highly unlikely.[65] Bobby Kogan said that the "threat level for DOGE's recommendations making it through Congress is relatively low... My threat level for them doing some things illegally, unilaterally, is incredibly high."[65]

In early February 2025, Business Insider estimated that at its actual pace DOGE would cancel around $67 billion in contracts each year. This corresponds to 3% of Musk's original $2 trillion goal.[66] After having reviewed official data, The Economist discovered that Treasury outflows actually increased since DOGE took over.[67] NPR investigated Musk's claim that DOGE is saving taxpayers billions, but could not trace back the contracts allegedly terminated.[68]

Support

In September 2024, Jamie Dimon, the CEO of the bank JPMorgan Chase stated that he supported the idea of creating DOGE to improve government competency.[69] In November 2024, Brian Armstrong, the CEO of cryptocurrency vendor Coinbase, spoke in support of the idea of DOGE.[70]

On January 10, 2025, Republican state governors wrote a joint letter to leaders of Congress expressing "overwhelming support" for DOGE and that they "stand ready to help DOGE—and Congress—be successful".[71][72]

Many Republicans are supportive of DOGE's efforts to cut the budget.[73][74][75][76][77][78] Some Republicans are concerned about DOGE, because its actions negatively impact their home states or are performed without transparency.[78][79][80][81]

Men in MAGA hats

On February 14, 2025, three men wearing shirts that referenced DOGE attempted to gather information related to alleged wasteful spending and fraud from offices in San Francisco City Hall.[82][83] The men brought flash drives to copy the records and entered public and private spaces through unlocked doors in the building. A building manager later announced that, "They did not present a judicial warrant, and therefore, had no authority to access computers or non public spaces."[84] Employees refused to hand over any information and called the San Francisco Sheriff's Office, but by the time authorities arrived the unidentified agents had fled the building.[82][83] DOGE has not confirmed that the agents were with them, and the San Francisco Sheriff's Office believes that they were not.[83]

See also

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Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_to_Elon_Musk%27s_role_in_the_US_federal_government
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